We prepare arrays of gold nanoparticles that include both noncentrosymmetric particles with a second-order nonlinear optical response (active particles) and centrosymmetric particles with no second-order response (passive particles). The plasmon resonances of the active and passive particles are at distinct wavelengths, yet the passive particles modify the electromagnetic modes of the structure...

Thyristor rectifiers are widely used in electric railways in order to control the speed. As a consequence of their usage in addition to substantial input lead current, an enormous amount of harmonics is injected into the grid. To avoid such harmonics as well as reactive power compensation, reactive power hybrid filters consisting of active and passive filters are utilized. Regarding different p...

It has been considered that the corrosion of passive metals and alloys is not caused by the active metal-dissolution but the dissolution of a nonporous passive oxide film in aqueous solution. The corrosion current density of iron(1)(2), chromium(3) and their alloys(4) is independent of the potential in all the range of passivity, although depending upon the pH of solution. Vetter(1) explained s...

Income tax is one of the most important costs of companies and it is usually considered as a cost that should not be paid. One of the most noticeable and influential factors in tax avoidance is corporate ownership structure. With an emphasis on institutional ownership and its types in this paper, it is attempted to measure the effect of this ownership and its types on corporate tax avoidance. F...

The statistics of a passive scalar in randomly forced and strongly stratified turbulence is investigated by numerical simulations including a horizontal passive scalar mean gradient. We observe that horizontal isotropy of the passive scalar spectrum is satisfied in the inertial range. The spectrum has the form Eθ(kh) = Cθεθε −1/3 K k −5/3 h , where εθ, εK are the dissipation of scalar variance ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the use of continuous passive motion (CPM) of the digits in combination with limb elevation to reduce hand edema. The effects of 30 min of CPM of the digits with the limb elevated were compared with the effects of 30 min of limb elevation alone. Each of 16 subjects with hand edema of varied etiology received both treatments, one on each ...

[Purpose] This study compared the efficacy of passive and active stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility. [Subjects] Fifty-four healthy young subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups (2 treatment groups and 1 control group). [Methods] Subjects in the passive stretching group had their knees extended by an examiner while lying supine 90° of hip flexion. In the same position,...

The resistance of shallow foundations to lateral loads is often relied upon to transmit the base shear forces from the ground to a building during an earthquake. Considering the importance of this link in the lateral load path it receives little attention in current design practice in New Zealand. An assumption is commonly made, either explicitly or implicitly, that the combination of sliding f...

Passive mechanical properties of the musculo-articular complex are classically studied using passive torque-angle curves. However, the mechanical properties of each structure of this musculo-articular complex (e.g., muscle, tendon) cannot be dissociated from this relationship. We recently showed that supersonic shear imaging is able to accurately quantify muscle shear elastic modulus of one mus...