New insight in the ochratoxin A biosynthetic pathway by deletion of an nrps 1 gene in Aspergillus carbonarius 2 3 Antonia Gallo, Kenneth S. Bruno, Michele Solfrizzo, Giancarlo Perrone, Giuseppina 4 Mulè, Angelo Visconti and Scott E. Baker 5 6 Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy. 7 8 Chemical and Biological Process Development Group, Paci...

Transient receptor potential "canonical" cation channels (TRPC) are involved in many cellular activities, including neuronal synaptic transmission. These channels couple lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and electrophysiological properties as they are calcium permeable and activated through the phospholipase C pathway and by diacylglycerol. The TRPC3 subunit is abundantly expressed in Purk...

Genetic Algorithms GA are search algorithms based on the principles of natural selection and genetics. GA evolves a population of initial individuals to a population of high quality individuals, where each individual represents a solution to the problem to be solved. Each individual is called chromosome and is composed of predetermined number of genes. The quality of each rule is measured by a ...

introduction: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is a useful tool for the detection of fusion transcript resulting from specific chromosomal translocation of the leukemia cells. a specific chromosomal abnormality, the philadelphia chromosome (ph), is present in 90% to 95% of cml patients.the aberration results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and ...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and mutations are gaining importance in determining the clinical course of chronic liver disease. OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the distribution of HBV genotypes and genomic variations in Pakistan to other parts of the world. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study at Aga Khan University Hospital from December 2006 to December...

BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer is a common and lethal disease for which there are no therapies that produce cures or long-term durable remissions. Clinically relevant preclinical models are needed to increase our understanding of biology of this malignancy and to evaluate new agents that might provide effective treatment. Our objective was to establish and characterize patient-derived xe...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) arise within the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) lineage due to activating KIT/PDGFRA mutations. Both ICC and GIST possess primary cilia (PC), which coordinate PDGFRA and Hedgehog signaling, regulators of gastrointestinal mesenchymal development. Therefore, we hypothesized that Hedgehog signaling may be altered in human GIST and controls KIT expression. Q...

The role of neuroendocrine peptide calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) in epithelial cancer progression is an emerging concept with great clinical potential. Expression of CT and CTR is frequently elevated in prostate cancers (PCs) and activation of CT-CTR axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. Here we show by yeast-two hybrid screens that CTR associates with the tight ...

We used fast absorbance spectroscopy to investigate in vivo binding dynamics and electron transfer between plastocyanin (pc) and photosystem I (PSI), and cytochrome (cyt) f oxidation kinetics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants in which either the binding or the release of pc from PSI was diminished. Under single flash-excitation conditions, electron flow between PSI and the cyt complex was no...