We use relaxation to produce painted imagery from images and video. An energy function is first specified; a painting is then generated by performing a search for a painting with minimal energy. The appeal of this strategy is that, ideally, we need only specify what we want, not how to directly compute it. Because the energy function is very difficult to optimize, we use a relaxation algorithm ...

E arly in the fifteenth century, a figure known as La Pittura—literally, “the picture”—began to appear in Italian art (Fig. 280). As art historian Mary D. Garrard has noted, the emergence of the figure of La Pittura, the personification of painting, could be said to announce the cultural arrival of painting as an art. In the Middle Ages, painting was never included among the liberal arts—those ...

The order of Carnivora has been very well characterized with over 50 species analyzed by chromosome painting and with painting probe sets made for 9 Carnivora species. Representatives of almost all families have been studied with few exceptions (Otariidae, Odobenidae, Nandiniidae, Prionodontidae). The patterns of chromosome evolution in Carnivora are discussed here. Overall, many Carnivora spec...

d for more than three thousand years, Chinese painting emphasizes "implicit meaning", and painters’ using a minimal number of brush strokes to express their deepest feelings. Landscapes of the most important themes in Chinese painting. Trees are the essential painting objects. This resents a set of novel methods to automatically draw trees in Chinese ink painting from 3D al models. Outline rend...

The technique of chromosome-in-situ suppression (CISS)-hybridization (chromosome painting) has now been well established. However, all standard protocols so far require long renaturation times (typically 12 hours and more). Here, we describe a new, extremely fast protocol for chromosome painting using a commercially available, directly fluorescence labelled probe for chromosome 8. The hybridiza...

In previous articles, the author proposed that paintings can have syntactic rules. In this article he develops his proposal further and shows that shapes act as syntactic elements in the languages of painting styles. He meets Nelson Goodman's objections to his proposal by showing that shapes meet the criterion of syntactic discreteness proposed by the latter to separate linguistic from other sy...

We present an algorithm for generating automatically stereoscopic paintings with varying levels of detail. We describe our interactive system built around the algorithm to enable users to adjust the level of detail of the painting. In this context of interactivity we have modified our stereo painting algorithm, presented in previous work, in order to explore the idea of user-driven artistic lev...

OBJECTIVE The authors describe a method, termed array painting, which allows the rapid, high resolution analysis of the content and breakpoints of aberrant chromosomes. METHODS Array painting is similar in concept to reverse chromosome painting and involves the hybridisation of probes generated by PCR of small numbers of flow sorted chromosomes on large insert genomic clone DNA microarrays. ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the health status of Gulf War veterans who reported receipt of anthrax vaccination and a small group of Gulf War veterans for whom documentation of anthrax vaccination exists. METHODS Among the 11,441 Gulf War veterans who completed a health survey, 4601 reported receiving the anthrax vaccine during the war; 2979 veterans reported not receiving it; 3861 were uncertain. Als...