in today's competitive world, establishıng a proper system of evaluating firms performance is essential. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of pharmaceutical, basic metals and automotive parts companies using a new method. the fuzzy ahp is used for weighting the performance evaluation measures and fuzzy topsis and fuzzy vikor is also used to rank the compani...

Due to long lead times, uncertain outcomes and lack of enough historical data, pharmaceutical research development (R &D) portfolio selection is a often very complex decision issue. The aim this paper investigate R &D with unavailable unreliable project information, where the borrowed capital allowed. Based on fuzzy set theory, we propose optimization model minimum by taking into account corpor...

in this paper, we establish the theory of fuzzy ideal convergence on completely distributive lattices and give characterizations of some topological notions. we also study fuzzy limit structures and discuss the relationship between fuzzy co-topologies and fuzzy limit structures.

background while there is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis (ms), treatment with biologic diseasemodifying drugs (bdmds) can reduce the impact of the condition on the lives of patients. in greece, the regulatory change in the distribution system of bdmds, limited their administration through the designated pharmacies of the national organization for healthcare services provision (eopyy) ...

convexity theory and duality theory are important issues in math- ematical programming. within the framework of credibility theory, this paper rst introduces the concept of convex fuzzy variables and some basic criteria. furthermore, a convexity theorem for fuzzy chance constrained programming is proved by adding some convexity conditions on the objective and constraint functions. finally,...

OBJECTIVE To identify pharmaceutical policy changes during the economic recession in eight European countries and to determine whether policy measures resulted in lower sales of, and less expenditure on, pharmaceuticals. METHODS Information on pharmaceutical policy changes between 2008 and 2011 in eight European countries was obtained from publications and pharmaceutical policy databases. Dat...

This paper considers a two stages pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) consisting of a pharmaceutical manufacturer (pharma-manufacturer) that supplies one type of pharmaceutical product to a pharma-retailer. The customer demand rate for the pharmaceutical product is dependent on the pharma-retailer’s current-inventory level. The pharma-retailer determines the order quantity ( ) value as decision v...

Promoting generic medicines to increase access to essential medicines is relevant to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) and post 2015 goals. There are several barriers to encouraging wider use of generic medicines in health systems, e.g. the widely-held perception that low price equals low quality and misalignment of provider and consumer incentives. Overcoming the complex barriers ...

Historically, new drug introductions have played a central role in medical progress and the availability of cost-effective therapies. Nevertheless, public policy toward pharmaceuticals has been characterized in recent times by increasingly stringent regulatory controls, shorter effective patent terms, and increased encouragement of generic product usage. This has had an adverse effect on the in...