Nevertheless, it is clear that some initial steps that will change the institutional foundations of health care financing have been taken. The introduction of the federal fund and the (however limited and contested) convergence between SHI and PHI point to an evolutionary change from competitive corporatism to the marketisation of health care (financing), accompanied by a changing role for stat...

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Pharmaceutical policy is an increasingly costly, essential and challenging component of health system management. We sought to identify priority pharmaceutical policy issues in Canada and to translate them into research priorities using key informant interviews, stakeholder surveys and a deliberative workshop. RESULTS WE FOUND CONSENSUS ON OVERARCHING POLICY GOALS: to p...

abstract— in this paper, a new extended method of multi criteria decision making based on fuzzy-topsis theory is introduced. fuzzy mcdm algorithm for determining the best choice among all possible choices when the data are fuzzy is also presented. using a new index leads to procedure for choosing fuzzy ideal and negative ideal solutions directly from the fuzzy data observed alternatives.in this...

Today, the goals of pharmaceutical policy and medical practice are often undermined due to institutional corruption — that is, widespread or systemic practices, usually legal, that undermine an institution’s objectives or integrity. In this symposium, 16 articles investigate the corruption of pharmaceutical policy, each taking a different look at the sources of corruption, how it occurs, and wh...

lthough fuzzy set theory and  sheaf theory have been developed and studied independently,  Ulrich Hohle shows that a large part of fuzzy set  theory  is in fact a subfield of sheaf theory. Many authors have studied mathematical structures, in particular, algebraic structures, in both  categories of these generalized (multi)sets. Using Hohle's idea, we show that for a (universal) algebra $A$, th...

fuzzy groups and fuzzy theory have a lot of applications in several sciencessuch as mathematics, computer science, computer and electrical engineering.hence, counting the number of fuzzy subgroups of finite groups to classify them isan important issue in fuzzy theory. the main goal of this paper is to give an explicitformula for the number of fuzzy subgroups of a finite cyclic groupg z p1 z p 2...

The goal of this article is the analysis of Ahmadinejad government's foreign policy according to the critical theory of international relations. Whether it seems foreign policy of Mahmood Ahmadinejad, government is different from his before and after governments. Perhaps it could be provided more detailed and objective analysis from foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran during Ahmadinejad ...

In today’s rapid changing market situations, many nations and companies try to keep or make better their situation and gain more market share by creating competitive advantages. Because of growing number of uncertain parameters in the environment and lack of information about the future, the strategic choice has become very complex and critical. One of the popular tools for solving the problem ...