This paper describes statistical machine translation improved by applying hierarchical phrase alignment. The hierarchical phrase alignment is a method to align bilingual sentences phrase-by-phrase employing the partial parse results. Based on the hierarchical phrase alignment, a translation model is trained on a chunked corpus by converting hierarchically aligned phrases into a sequence of chun...

Phrase-based machine translation models have shown to yield better translations than Word-based models, since phrase pairs encode the contextual information that is needed for a more accurate translation. However, many phrase pairs do not encode any relevant context, which means that the translation event encoded in that phrase pair is led by smaller translation events that are independent from...

Lexicalized and hierarchical reordering models use relative frequencies of fully lexicalized phrase pairs to learn phrase reordering distributions. This results in unreliable estimation for infrequent phrase pairs which also tend to be longer phrases. There are some smoothing techniques used to smooth the distributions in these models. But these techniques are unable to address the similarities...

1 Overview Three central goals of work in the generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) linguistic framework, as stated in the leading book "Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar" Gaz-dar et al (1985) (hereafter GKPS), are: (1) to characterize all and only the natural language grammars, (2) to algorithmically determine membership and generative power consequences of GPSGs, and (3) to embody th...

This paper presents an improved lexicalized reordering model for phrase-based statistical machine translation using a deep neural network. Lexicalized reordering suffers from reordering ambiguity, data sparseness and noises in a phrase table. Previous neural reordering model is successful to solve the first and second problems but fails to address the third one. Therefore, we propose new featur...

The Singapore Grip (1978) is the third instalment of Empire trilogy by Booker Prize-winning novelist James Gordon Farrell. It inscribes colonial Singapore’s socio-economic situation through story a British tycoon who engaged in multi-commercial enterprises, mainly rubber business, colony Singapore. present paper examines titular phrase “Singapore Grip” novel. argues that Farrell explores many a...