this article addresses the phonetic and phonological representation of h- phrase accent in the tonal structure of persian pre-nuclear accents. in an experimental study, three groups of pre-nuclear accentual phrases, namely, phrases with antepenultimate, penultimate and final stress pattern, were selected for tonal examination. materials were designed so as to yield under-pressure and pressure f...

Abstract This study examines how tone sandhi domains (TSDs) are determined in Fuzhou. The data include: (i) regular verb-object phrases (VOs) where the verb takes a direct bare noun object; and (ii) non-canonical VOs an adverbial expression as surface object. Several observations made. First, three-way exists within every TSD. All antepenultimate syllables neutralize to low tones. A penultimate...

This paper explores the usage of antepenultimate and penultimate stress in 1st person plural past tense verb forms in Polish. Although Polish generally has penultimate stress, prescriptive grammars treat these verb forms as an exception, assigning antepenultimate stress. It has been argued elsewhere that penultimate stress is possible in these forms, although in colloquial speech. Data from 40 ...

BACKGROUND: Accentuation in Japanese loanword phonology has been an area of controversy. Previous linguists such as McCawley (1968) have suggested a traditional mora-based generalization: loanword accentuation in Japanese has a basic default pattern on the syllable containing the antepenultimate mora; while others claim that Japanese loanword accentuation follows the Latin stress rule (Kubozono...

This paper proposes a prosodic structure and the tonal pattern of Georgian, the national language of Georgia. The language has three prosodic units above the Word: Intonation Phrase (IP), Intermediate Phrase (ip), and Accentual Phrase (AP). All these units are marked by a boundary tone, but an AP in Georgian is unique typologically in that it has pitch accent linked to a stressed syllable and p...

There is an error in the antepenultimate sentence of the abstract. The number of treatments is incorrect. The correct sentence is: The control scenario requires community-directed treatment with ivermectin beyond 2045 with around 2.63 billion treatments over 2013–2045; the elimination scenario, until 2028 in areas where feasible, but beyond 2045 in countries with operational challenges, around ...