The paper examines the validity of two indices of sustainability: family planning programme sustainability (PSI) and outcome sustainability (OSI) developed by Tsui and Knight (1997) by applying their original method to recent data. The indices succeed in identifying the directional path of programme and outcome sustainability. Close correlations are found between PSI and OSI predicted values an...

“The Malaysia Modified Budgeting System (MBS) provides greater managerial flexibility and accountability...it performs on par with international best practice and is being used in some developing countries as a model.” (World Bank report (1999) on Public Expenditure Management in Malaysia: How Malaysia Performs. The Integrated Results Based Management system incorporates a long-term macro-plann...

This discussion is focused primarily on developing PMPs at the program level. The program level is represented by the Assistance Objective and Intermediate Results contained in the Results Framework. These form the key objectives that USAID will achieve in a particular country or program over a specific period of time. Projects also require their own Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) plans. Many ...

OBJECTIVE To follow up 2 rehabilitation strategies for patients with chronic pain: a 2-day interdisciplinary team assessment followed by either (i) a 4-week outpatient multimodal rehabilitation programme, or (ii) a subsequent rehabilitation plan. METHODS After a 2-day interdisciplinary team assessment at our pain rehabilitation clinic, 296 consecutive patients were selected to undergo either ...

Command, Control, and Information Systems (C2ISs) are complex software products that must conform to agreed standards in order to be interoperable in joint and combined operations. Due to the complexity of information exchange between heterogeneous C2ISs, thorough testing is indispensable to gain confidence that these standards are implemented correctly and semantic interoperability is indeed a...

We consider the choices available to a defined contribution (DC) pension plan member at the time of retirement for conversion of his pension fund into a stream of income in retirement. In particular, we compare the purchase at retirement age from a life office of a conventional life annuity (that is, a bond-based investment) with distribution programmes that involve differing exposures to equit...

Effective response to emergencies and crises depends on timely available, reliable and intelligible information. To achieve this, many different services from heterogeneous information sources, systems and organizations have to co-operate. Especially, the coordination of government/civil agencies and military organizations are required to handle crises situations. Hence, the interoperability of...