Facilitation cascades are critical to the maintenance of biodiversity in a variety of habitats. Through a series of two experiments, we examined how the morphological traits and density of interacting foundation species influence the establishment and persistence of a facilitation cascade in temperate Australian mangrove forests. In this system, mangrove pneumatophores trap the free-living alga...

We study water flows and wave dissipation within near-bed pneumatophore canopies at the wave-exposed fringe of a mangrove forest on Cù Lao Dung Island, in the Mekong Delta. To evaluate canopy drag, the three-dimensional geometry of pneumatophore stems growing upward from the buried lateral roots of Sonneratia caseolaris mangroves was reconstructed from photogrammetric surveys. In cases where hy...

Co-occurring foundation species can determine biological community structure via facilitation cascades. We examined the density dependencies of facilitation cascades, including how the density of a basal foundation species influences the density of secondary foundation species, and how the density of secondary foundation species influences community structure. The system in which we assessed de...

Mangroves are important in protecting and stabilizing coastal zones. Pneumatophores of the mangrove species Avicennia marina can form a large aboveground complex aerial roots, which supporting growth low-oxygen environments. We examined relationship between tree height, girth, sediment mud content, oxygen levels with pneumatophore abundance. As sediments higher content have more anaerobic condi...

Marrus claudanielis, a new species of deep-sea physonect siphonophore, is described from material collected by the ROV TIBURON, off California (eastern North Pacific), and the submersible JOHNSON-SEA-LINK II, off New Jersey (western North Atlantic). Marrus claudanielis is extremely fragile and all observed specimens autotomized some of their parts during observation or collection, due to the st...

Nitrogen fixation and colonization by associative cyanobacteria in the aerial roots (pneumatophores) of black mangrove trees was evaluated in situ at Balandra lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico, for 18 consecutive months. Year-round vertical zonation of cyanobacterial colonization was determined along the pneumatophores. The bottom part close to the sediment was colonized mainly by nonheterocy...

Mangroves play an important role in carbon sequestration. However, mangroves can be sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, methane (CH4) emissions and related soil properties were determined multiple Taiwan, including Kandelia obovata Avicennia marina mangroves. K. possess prop roots, whereas pneumatophores are found A. marina. Our results showed that mangrove soils significa...