The paper aims to investigate empirically the effects of several types of financial restraints on financial development for the case of the Iran. Two hypotheses addressed and discussed in the context of the McKinnon/Shaw and the monopoly bank model. A conditional co-integration model has been employed to carry out the empirical investigations. The long and short-run analysis show that fin...

in the age of globalization, neoliberal developmentalism is hegemonic cherachtristic of the international system. in this age legitimacy of political systems depends on national development. in such a space, creating a constructive interaction between national and international levels is a must for sucsess in national development plans. foreign policy is the main field & major means of creating...

the harmful use of alcohol causes an estimated 2.5 million deaths every year, of which a significant proportion occur in the young. alcohol use is the third leading risk factor for poor health globally. in response to harmful use of alcohol, world health organization developed a global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol endorsed by the sixty-third world health assembly in 2010. paral...

A central issue of globalisation research is the question whether globalisation leads to the convergence of policies or whether domestic responses to global challenges remain strongly influenced by existing domestic structures. In the field of environmental policy, there is some analysis of the diffusion of policy innovations, but there is a lack of systematic knowledge as to whether this leads...

it is a well-known result in both environmental economics and natural resources managementthat you will not be able to manage what you are not able to measure. this paper presents a dichotomous-choicecontingent valuation survey that analyses individuals’ preferences for the implementation of a rural developmentprogram (rdp) that fosters the provision of non-commodity outputs in rural areas in s...

extensive studies in human development show that achieving stable human development without considering the social and economic development of women in different aspects of life would not be possible. regarding the situation of women in different societies, the importance of the issue appear to be more important in developing countries. considering the key role of governments, the impact of gov...

Fertilizer is a vital input for agriculture production. With the growing popularity of modern agriculture, fertilizer consumption in Nepal has been increasing over the years. Since, Nepal does not produce any fertilizers, demand for fertilizers are being met through formal and informal imports. Over the years, fertilizer policy changes have been observed several times in a bid to satisfy farmer...