a bstract background: nurses’ infl uence on health policy protects the quality of care by access to required recourses and opportunities.this is a new and important concept for nursing; however, research studies on policy infl uence of nurses in health care sector are lacking a basic conceptual understanding of what this concept represents. the aim of this paper is to clarify the concept of nur...

In this paper we introduce the optimal solution for a simple and yet practical inventory policy with the important characteristic which eliminates the uncertainty in demand for suppliers. In this new policy which is different from the classical inventory policies, the time interval between any two consecutive orders is fixed and the quantity of each order is one. Assuming the fixed ordering cos...

This paper reviews the potential utility of using the concepts and tools of systems to understand and act on health in cities. The basic elements of systems approaches and the links between cities as systems and population health as emerging from the functioning of a system are reviewed. The paper also discusses implications of systems thinking for urban health including the development of dyna...

We present a model of bargaining in which a committee searches over the policy space, successively amending the default by voting over proposals. Bargaining ends when proposers are unable or unwilling to amend the existing default, which is then implemented. We characterize the policies which can be implemented from any initial default in a pure strategy stationary Markov perfect equilibrium fo...