Rotated and non-rotated commercial potato fields were sampled intensively to follow Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), colonization and subsequent oviposition patterns in the spring of 1990 and 1991. Maximum densities of colonizing adults ranged from 0 to 14,891/ha and maximum egg mass densities ranged from 0 to 48,451/ha. Crop rotation generall...

The potato-cyst nematodes Heterodera rostochiensis and H. pallida are important pathogens of potatoes, a basic food crop. When soil populations of either species are high, potato yields are often less than the seed planted. Apparently, these nematodes originated in the Andean mountains of South America, the home of the potato. One or both species have spread from this region to approximately 47...

Recent work on hot-potato routing [1] has uncovered that large transit ASs can be sensitive to hot-potato disruptions. Designing a robust network is felt as overly important by transit providers as paths crossed by the traffic have both to be optimal and reliable. However, equipment failures and maintenance make this robustness non-trivial to achieve. To help understanding the robustness of lar...

Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), caused by dual infection with the whitefly-borne Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and the aphid-borne Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), is the most serious disease of sweet potato in Africa. SPVD has been known there since at least the 1940s, although it took several decades to elucidate its aetiology. It occurs throughout Africa and is par...

The current study includes isolation of laccase producing fungus from compost soil and characterization of the laccase enzyme. In our study, 11 fungal isolates were isolated by serial dilution. They were cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate with indicator compound 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) to screen for the laccase production ability. Out of 11 iso...

In hot-potato (deflection) routing, nodes in the network have no buffers for packets in transit, which causes conflicting packets to be deflected away from their destinations. We study one-to-many batch routing problems on arbitrary tree topologies. We present two hot-potato routing algorithms, one deterministic and one randomized, whose routing times are asymptotically near-optimal (within pol...

A total of 629 Duroc×Landrace×Large White crossbred pigs were utilized in three experiments (Exp. 1, 222 pigs weighing 25.6±2.0 kg BW; Exp. 2, 216 pigs weighing 56.2±4.3 kg BW; Exp. 3, 191 pigs weighing 86.4±4.6 kg BW) conducted to determine the effects of fermented potato pulp on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and plasma parameters in growingfinishing pigs. Each experiment...

Soil-incorporated rotation/green manure crops were evaluated for management of potato early dying caused by Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans. After two years of rotation/green manure and a subsequent potato crop, P. penetrans numbers were less after 'Saia' oat/'Polynema' marigold, 'Triple S' sorghum-sudangrass, or 'Garry' oat than 'Superior' potato or 'Humus' rapeseed. The area u...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have crucial roles in the regulation of plant development and in plant responses to stress. Plant recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-derived effector proteins has been shown to trigger activation of several MAPKs. This then controls defence responses, including synthesis and/or signalling of defence hormones and act...