[1] We use an ocean biogeochemical-transport box model of the top 100 m of the water column to estimate the CaCO3 to organic carbon export ratio from observations of the vertical gradients of potential alkalinity and nitrate. We find a global average molar export ratio of 0.06 ± 0.03. This is substantially smaller than earlier estimates of 0.25 on which a majority of ocean biogeochemical models...

Several factors contribute to nuclear mRNA export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including Mex67p, Mtr2p, Gle1p, Nup159p, Dbp5p, and Rip1p. Strains carrying mutations in these factors show rapid and dramatic nuclear accumulation of poly(A)(+) RNA. We have characterized two heat shock mRNAs, SSA4 and HSP104, in these mutant backgrounds; each transcript concentrates in a single intranuclear focus. ...

The aim of this paper is to investigate collaborative innovation in business networks for small environmental technology companies entering an emerging market (EM). Export of environmental technology solutions to emerging economies involves high investment opportunities and high growth potential, but also high risk. For example, large-scale demonstrator equipment proving the function of the env...

To study in vivo the export of mitochondrially synthesized protein from the matrix to the intermembrane space, we have fused a synthetic mitochondrial gene, ARG8m, to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX2 gene in mitochondrial DNA. The Arg8mp moiety was translocated through the inner membrane when fused to the Cox2p C terminus by a mechanism dependent on topogenic information at least partially con...

The role of exports in helping attain and sustain high rates of growth especially in the context of developing countries cannot be overemphasized. Exports usually tend to be associated with both static gains (resulting for instance from access to larger outside markets) as well as dynamic gains (including learning from exporting and productivity gains). With regard to the dynamic gains from tra...

The NS1 protein of influenza A virus is a major virulence factor that is essential for pathogenesis. NS1 functions to impair innate and adaptive immunity by inhibiting host signal transduction and gene expression, but its mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated. We show here that NS1 forms an inhibitory complex with NXF1/TAP, p15/NXT, Rae1/mrnp41, and E1B-AP5, which are key constitue...

While there is an increasing realization of the potential that IT offers for human welfare, IT-induced productivity and growth are confined to the developed world. It is argued that even though the international digital divide is a reality, there are certain specific characteristics of the new technology that leave scope for mitigating, if not totally bridging, the gap when appropriate policies...

The level of price volatility should theoretically be confined to export parity price levels at the lower end and import parity price levels at the upper end of the price band, reflecting supply and demand conditions during surplus and deficit marketing seasons respectively. A greater gap between these export and import parity prices will reflect high marketing costs, often representing high tr...

Low carbon economy development undoubtedly becomes the main trend of social development in future under the background of the global climate change and the increasing international pressure to reduce emissions. However, the international trade, as part of the global economy, will be carried out in accordance with the rules of low carbon economy. Therefore, it has important significance to study...