The interaction of a Josephson fluxon with an external magnetic field-induced potential in a long Josephson junction is investigated experimentally. The thermal activation of the fluxon from a potential well is observed and experiments probing its predicted quantum properties are discussed. A method for engineering a magnetic double-well potential for a fluxon is proposed and the use of the cou...

1. Liquid–Liquid Phase Transitions Consider a fluid confined into a container Ω ⊂ R . Assume that the total mass of the fluid is m, so that admissible density distributions u : Ω→ R satisfy the constraint ∫ Ω u(x) dx = m. The total energy is given by the functional u 7→ ∫ Ω W (u(x)) dx, where W : R→ [0,∞) is the energy per unit volume. Assume that W supports two phases a < b, that is, W is a do...

In the scattering of atoms and molecules from surfaces, focusing effects can give rise to a variety of significant features in both the experimentally measured elastic and inelastic scattering intensities. The study of focusing is extended to the case of sticking of atoms upon scattering into the physisorption potential well. It is demonstrated that this focused sticking ~FS! should give rise t...

We prove density estimates for level sets of minimizers of the energy ε‖u‖Hs(Ω) + ∫ Ω W (u) dx, with s ∈ (0, 1), where ‖u‖Hs(Ω) denotes the total contribution from Ω in the Hs norm of u, and W is a double-well potential. As a consequence we obtain, as ε → 0+, the uniform convergence of the level sets of u to either a Hs-nonlocal minimal surface if s ∈ (0, 1 2 ), or to a classical minimal surfac...

We present long-slit LRIS/Keck spectroscopic observations of the gravitational lens system 0957 + 561. Averaged over all of our data, the rest-frame velocity dispersion v of the central lens galaxy G1 is v = 279 12 km s ?1. However, there appears to be a signiicant decrease in v as a function of distance from the center of G1. Within 0: 00 2 of the center of G1, we nd the average v = 316 14 km ...

We consider a class of SchrÄodinger equations with a symmetric double-well potential and an external, both repulsive and attractive, nonlinear perturbation. We show that, under certain conditions, the reduction of the time-dependent equation to a two-mode equation gives the dominant term of the solution with a precise estimate of the error.

We study a Fokker-Planck equation with double-well potential that is nonlocally driven by a dynamical constraint and involves two small parameters. Relying on formal asymptotics we identify several parameter regimes and derive reduced dynamical models for different types of phase transitions.

A new instanton solution is found in the quantum-mechanical double-well potential with a four-fermion term. The solution has finite action, S = −m3 3λ − ( mA 4 √ 2λ + g 261m 8960 ) ǫξiξjξkξl, where A is a bosonic collective coordinate, ξi, i = 1, ..., 4 are fermionic collective coordinates and g,m and λ are coupling constants. We explain why in general the instanton action can depend on collect...

We introduce an exponentially confining potential well that can be used as a model to describe the structure of strongly localized system. obtain approximate partial solution Schrödinger equation with this where we find lowest energy spectrum and corresponding wavefunctions. use tridiagonal representation approach method for obtaining finite series square-integrable functions written in terms B...