Abstract In the Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark), many interconnectors are formed by long High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) lines. Every year, operation of such costs millions Euros to Transmission System Operators (TSOs) due high amount losses that not considered while clearing market. To counteract this problem, TSOs (Svenska kraftnat - Sweden, Statnett Fingrid Finland,...

In this paper enhanced red-breasted sapsucker (ERBS) algorithm has been proposed to solve the power loss lessening problem. RBS is designed on copulate actions of RBS. Male (MRBS) will attract female with an exclusive tone. Concerning concentration tone (FMBS) progress in direction MRBS. Various engendered by MRBS catch fancy FRBS, and action analogous data contribution Evolutionary techniques....

Turning to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is the most logical politics in securing the modern society from critical changes in earth increasing temperature. However, Distributed Generation (DG) sources could lead to new challenges in electricity network, mainly allocation of DG sources in distribution level of power system will set the existing network under stress of power flow parameters. The...

The hard switching operation of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based multilevel converters (MLCs) in transformer less direct integration renewable power plants produces a considerable amount and conduction loss. This eventually causes higher junction temperature lower thermal stability. symmetrically designed MLC using third harmonic sixty-degree bus-clamped pulse width modulation...

in this paper, we develop an efficient legendre wavelets collocation method for well known time-fractional heat equation. inthe proposed method, we apply operational matrix of fractionalintegration to obtain numerical solution of the inhomogeneoustime-fractional heat equation with lateral heat loss and dirichletboundary conditions. the power of this manageable method isconfirmed. moreover, the ...

Power flow, which is one of the most prominent problems in field power system, calculation voltage amplitudes and phase angles each bus losses by using data with known steady state values. Increasing demand connection decentralized energy sources to system at various points make more complicated flow problem. The problem great importance for both electricity generation transmission. Planning ne...