the primary cilium which is an organelle in nearly every cell in the vertebrate body extends out of the cell surface like an antenna and is known as cell sensor of mechanical and chemical stimuli. in previous numerical simulations, researchers modeled this organelle as a cantilevered beam attached to the cell surface. in the present study, however, we present a novel model that accommodates for...

The primary cilium which is an organelle in nearly every cell in the vertebrate body extends out of the cell surface like an antenna and is known as cell sensor of mechanical and chemical stimuli. In previous numerical simulations, researchers modeled this organelle as a cantilevered beam attached to the cell surface. In the present study, however, we present a novel model that accommodates for...

The primary cilium is a microtubule-based structure found in most cell types in mammals. Disruption of cilium function causes a diverse set of human diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. We report that Rab effector-related proteins Rab-interacting lysosomal protein-like 1 (Rilpl1) and Rilpl2 regulate protein localization in the primary cilium. Rilpl2 was initially identified as up-regula...

The primary cilium, a hair-like projection from the cellular membrane, is involved in fluid flow sensing. Bending the primary cilium is known to trigger several signaling pathways. In this study, the primary cilium is modeled as a thin beam undergoing large deflection due to fluid drag forces. For the first time, the bending response is analyzed with a model combining large angle rotations with...

Malignant transformation of cells is often accompanied by the loss of the primary cilium, a protruding microtubule-based sensory organelle, suggesting that it plays an "onco-suppressive" role. Therefore, restoration of the primary cilium is being explored as a new therapeutic approach to attenuate tumor growth. Recently, several commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs have been identified to induc...

The synovium is a thin connective tissue that lines the joint space of free moving articulations. In this report, the expression, structure, and composition of non-motile (primary) cilia in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) that populate the synovium have been studied. Primary cilia are non-motile, microtubule-based organelles that have been found in a variety of vertebrate cell types. We docu...

CRMP-2 plays a pivotal role in promoting axon formation, neurite outgrowth and elongation in neuronal cells. CRMP-2's role in other cells is unknown. Our preliminary results showed CRMP-2 expression in cilia of fibroblasts. To localize CRMP-2, define its role and study the regulation of CRMP-2's expression in cilia we carried out the following experiments. We find that in fibroblasts CRMP-2 loc...