Ultrasound imaging of the tongue is increasingly common in speech production research. However, there has been little standardization regarding the quantification and statistical analysis of ultrasound data. In linguistic studies, researchers may want to determine whether the tongue shape for an articulation under two different conditions (e.g., consonants in word-final versus word-medial posit...

In theory, a scheduling problem can be formulated as a mathematical programming problem. In practice, dispatching rules are considered to be a more practical method of scheduling. However, the combination of mathematical programming and fuzzy dispatching rule has rarely been discussed in the literature. In this study, a fuzzy nonlinear programming (FNLP) approach is proposed for optimizing the ...

I discuss the production of low rank smoothers for d ≥ 1 dimensional data, which can be fitted by regression or penalized regression methods. The smoothers are constructed by a simple transformation and truncation of the basis that arises from the solution of the thinplate spline smoothing problem, and are optimal in the sense that the truncation is designed to result in the minimum possible pe...

Widely used in speech and language processing, Kneser-Ney (KN) smoothing has consistently been shown to be one of the best-performing smoothing methods. However, KN smoothing assumes integer counts, limiting its potential uses—for example, inside Expectation-Maximization. In this paper, we propose a generalization of KN smoothing that operates on fractional counts, or, more precisely, on distri...

Bivariate cubic L1 smoothing splines are introduced. The coefficients of a cubic L1 smoothing spline are calculated by minimizing the weighted sum of the L1 norms of second derivatives of the spline and the 1 norm of the residuals of the data-fitting equations. Cubic L1 smoothing splines are compared with conventional cubic smoothing splines based on the L2 and 2 norms. Computational results fo...

Smoothing space curves has several applications in reverse engineering, CAD modeling and animation. We propose a 3D curve smoothing algorithm with the primary focus on smoothing boundaries of point clouds obtained during reverse engineering laser scanned models. While several point cloud denoising methods exist that handle the normal noise in the data, the boundary curve may still contain tange...

this paper deals with ridge estimation of fuzzy nonparametric regression models using triangular fuzzy numbers. this estimation method is obtained by implementing ridge regression learning algorithm in the la- grangian dual space. the distance measure for fuzzy numbers that suggested by diamond is used and the local linear smoothing technique with the cross- validation procedure for selecting t...

The mixed complementarity problem can be reformulated as a nonsmooth equation by using the median operator. In this paper, we rst study some useful properties of this reformulation and then derive the Chen-Harker-Kanzow-Smale smoothing function for the mixed complementarity problem. On the basis of this smoothing function, we present a smoothing Newton method for solving the mixed complementari...