Intruduction: This study was conducted to determine blood levels of leptin in premature infants with proliferative ROP.Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a postnatal disorder of retinal vessels that develops in the incompletely vascularized retina of preterm infants. This disorder regresses in most patients but can lead to severe visual impairment. There is evidence that leptin stimulates angi...

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a rare condition that usually affects immunosuppressed patients. It is a vascular proliferative disorder due to Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. We present here an immunocompetent patient with BA. There was no history of the patient direct or indirect contact with cats.

Among the clinical presentation of plasma cell proliferative disorders the extramedullary plasmacytomas are the most infrequent after multiple myeloma and plasma cell tumours of the bones. The plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland to our knowledge has never been reported from Pakistan so far. We present the clinical picture and clinical challenges posed in diagnosis and treatment by this unusual pr...

introcduction: pigmented villonodular synovitis (pvs) is rare, benign and proliferative disorder of synovium which consists of villous and/ or nodular formations in joints.diagnosis is determined by clinical features, aspiration of the joint, radiographic features and magnetic resonance imaging (mri).the definitive treatment is the complete resection of affected tissue by open or arthroscopic s...

Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disorder characterized by pain and infertility. In addition to estrogen dependence, progesterone resistance is an emerging feature of this disorder. Specifically, a delayed transition from the proliferative to secretory phase as evidenced by dysregulation of progesterone target genes and maintenance of a proliferative molecular fingerprint in the early secr...