The paper explores newspapers' portrayals of the European Parliament and national parliaments (NPs) in European Union (EU) affairs. To understand underlying perceptions of journalists, it takes public parliamentary activities and looks at their influence on parliaments' news visibility in Finland, Germany and the UK in routine periods in 2011 and 2012. This is done against the background that p...

In 2002 Quebec's National Assembly hosted an international conference on the history of parliamentary libraries. On that occasion, Gaston Bernier called for more research on the history of parliamentary libraries , inviting researchers to make use of the rich and unexplored archives of parliamentary libraries throughout the world (2003). This historical overview features some of the most promin...

Parliaments are more than legislative bodies. However, we lack an adequate understanding of the theoretical relationship between different facets of parliamentary activity or ‘parliamentary functions’. Relying on the principal agent framework, this article argues theoretically that parliamentary power is a multidimensional concept comprising three distinct mechanisms to ensure policy outputs in...

in this study, compressed poplar wood was used to improve the strengths of wooden chairs. these chairs were compared to chairs made from uncompressed poplar wood. wooden chairs were assembled with two types of traditional joints including mortise and tenon and wooden pins joints. the ultimate force was applied from the front to the back of the seat, were recorded according to american library a...

IN THE PERPETUALLY RESOURCE-STARVED environment of public health, where each disease or risk factor has to fight for a scrap of the federal budget, it is easy to forget how fast progress can be made when appropriate policy attention and resources are marshaled to solve a problem. The natural response of public health professionals to the starvation diet is to maintain low expectations. But thos...

In this paper, we address the question of whether official development assistance promotes gender equality in the Middle East and North Africa region by examining the effects of aid to Women’s Equality Organizations and Institutions on women’s political empowerment, measured by the proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments. We use panel data (covering the period 2002-10) from 13...

background: individuals, who spend most of their time sitting, are at 30% more risk of suffering from lumbar disc than other people. one of the causes of pain in the lumbar region is musculoskeletal disorders (msds). msds are the most common and most costly injuries in occupational, administrative, and academic environments. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship b...