PURPOSE The objective was to study whether positive surgical margins (PSMs) predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) in all patients without adjuvant therapy after radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent RP for prostate cancer at Veterans Health Service Medical Center from 2005 to 2011. BCR was defined by a prosta...

BACKGROUND The need to estimate the distance from an individual to a service provider is common in public health research. However, estimated distances are often imprecise and, we suspect, biased due to a lack of specific residential location data. In many cases, to protect subject confidentiality, data sets contain only a ZIP Code or a county. RESULTS This paper describes an algorithm, known...

The rapid urbanization of African cities is one amongst other composite challenges hindering Africa’s objective to provide stable socio-economic development and delivery of quality livelihood for its citizens and visitors at large. The establishment of Smart City initiatives in African cities is meant to improve the quality of lives of the residents of those cities. Information and communicatio...