In this study, a new numerical method is introduced to obtain the exact shape of output pulse in the chalcogenide fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A Gaussian pulse shape with 173 ps width is used as an input pulse for lunching to a 6.6 mm nonlinear FBG. Because of bistable and hysteresis nature of nonlinear FBG the time sequence of each portion of pulse is affected the shape of output pulse. So we di...

Introduction: Non-invasive quantification of liver fat by Gradient echo (GRE) Technique is an interesting issue in quantitative MRI. Despite the numerous advantages of this technique, fat measurement maybe biased by confounding and effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the GRE pulse sequences with different   and  weighting for liver fat quantification in patients with...

Highlights: • Contrast-preparation pulse-sequence modules provide a flexible means to achieve a variety of useful contrast behaviors in MRI. • Inversion-recovery contrast preparation is useful for obtaining strong T1-weighted contrast or for suppressing the signal from one or more tissues based on their associated T1 relaxation times. • Driven-equilibrium contrast preparation can provide T2-wei...

Pulse repetition interval (PRI) modulation recognition and pulse sequence search are significant for effective electronic support measures. In modern electromagnetic environments, different types of inter-pulse slide radars highly confusing. There few available training samples in practical situations, which leads to a low accuracy poor effect the sequence. this paper, an approach based on bi-d...