This commentary considers the positive and negative consequences of early economic modelling and explores potential future directions. Early economic modelling offers device manufacturers an opportunity to assess the potential value of an innovation at an early stage of development. Early modelling can direct resources into potentially viable technologies and reduce inv...

Ray-triangle intersection is an important algorithm, not only in the field of realistic rendering (based on ray tracing), but also in physics simulation, collision detection, modelling, etc. Obviously, the speed of this well-defined algorithm’s implementations is important because calls to such a routine are numerous in rendering and simulation applications. Contemporary fast intersection algor...

The use of polychromatic X-ray sources in tomographic X-ray measurements leads to nonlinear X-ray transmission effects. As these nonlinearities are not normally taken into account in tomographic reconstruction, artefacts occur, which can be particularly severe when imaging objects with multiple materials of widely varying X-ray attenuation properties. In these settings, reconstruction algorithm...

Understanding molecular femtosecond dynamics under intense X-ray exposure is critical to progress in biomolecular imaging and matter under extreme conditions. Imaging viruses and proteins at an atomic spatial scale and on the time scale of atomic motion requires rigorous, quantitative understanding of dynamical effects of intense X-ray exposure. Here we present an experimental and theoretical s...

We present a systematic fit of a model of resonant cyclotron scattering (RCS) to the X and soft γ-ray data of four magnetars, including anomalous X-ray pulsars, and soft gamma repeaters. In this scenario, non-thermal magnetar spectra in the soft X-rays result from resonant cyclotron scattering of the thermal surface emission by hot magnetospheric plasma. We find that this model can successfully...

Diffuse emission from the Milky Way dominates the γ-ray sky. About 80% of the high-energy luminosity of the Milky Way comes from processes in the interstellar medium. The Galactic diffuse emission traces interactions of energetic particles, primarily protons and electrons, with the interstellar gas and radiation field, thus delivering information about cosmic-ray spectra and interstellar mass i...

This paper reports on the results of Ultra-Wideband measurements for several scenarios from 2 GHz to 6 GHz within an office building and investigates the applicability of deterministic modelling through 3D ray tracing to UWB channels. The blind prediction, based on the a priori knowledge of material parameters and on measured antenna radiation patterns, uses a sub-band-divided ray tracing. Meas...

Abstract Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to review a sample of the literature relating to Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and its deployment for modelling purposes in the area of supply chain management (SCM). Design/methodology/approach- The literature is examined from the three perspectives. First, concept of ISM and examines ISM as modelling technique. Second, use of ISM by ...