‎Let G be a graph‎. ‎A 2-rainbow dominating function (or‎ 2-RDF) of G is a function f from V(G)‎ ‎to the set of all subsets of the set {1,2}‎ ‎such that for a vertex v ∈ V (G) with f(v) = ∅, ‎the‎‎condition $bigcup_{uin N_{G}(v)}f(u)={1,2}$ is fulfilled‎, wher NG(v)  is the open neighborhood‎‎of v‎. ‎The weight of 2-RDF f of G is the value‎‎$omega (f):=sum _{vin V(G)}|f(v)|$‎. ‎The 2-rainbow‎‎d...

protecting the environment is becoming one of the most important concerns of the developed and developing countries. reclamation of msw landfills, which are sources of many pollutants including leachate and greenhouse gases, would be very valuable in saving the resources and reducing the pollution scale. in the current article the potential for use of reclaimed waste in rdf production has been ...

A Roman dominating function (RDF) on a graph $G = (V, E)$ is a labeling $f : V rightarrow {0, 1, 2}$ suchthat every vertex with label $0$ has a neighbor with label $2$. The weight of $f$ is the value $f(V) = Sigma_{vin V} f(v)$The Roman domination number, $gamma_R(G)$, of $G$ is theminimum weight of an RDF on $G$.An RDF of minimum weight is called a $gamma_R$-function.A graph G is said to be $g...

We propose a declarative update language for RDF graphs which is based on the paradigms of query and view languages RQL and RVL. Our language, called RUL, ensures that the execution of the update primitives on nodes and arcs neither violates the semantics of the RDF model nor the semantics of the given RDFS schema. In addition, RUL supports fine-grained updates at the class and property instanc...