This paper describes a new model of cooperation between autonomous participants in decentralised networks. Our approach is based on reciprocation between immediate neighbours, which does not require any centralised infrastructure for accounting or identity management. We describe the conditions that are necessary for reciprocation to occur, and show how reciprocation between immediate neighbour...

AIM To compare cyclic fatigue resistance of two geometrically similar nickel-titanium instruments, used in conditions similar to clinical use in reciprocating and continuous rotary motion. METHODOLOGY Four groups of eighteen instruments each, Reciproc(®) files sizes ISO 25 and 40 (R25 and R40) and Mtwo(®) files sizes ISO 25 and 40 (M25 and M40), were tested in reciprocating and continuous rot...

Understanding the dynamics of reciprocation is of great interest in sociology and computational social science. The recent growth of Massively Multi-player Online Games (MMOGs) has provided unprecedented access to large-scale data which enables us to study such complex human behavior in a more systematic manner. In this paper, we consider three different networks in the EverQuest2 game: chat, t...

Self-motion of an oil droplet was investigated on a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aqueous phase. With an increase in the concentration of SDS, the nature of self-motion of a butyl salicylate (BS) droplet as the oil droplet was changed, i.e., no motion, reciprocation with a small amplitude, and reciprocation with a large amplitude, which was a value close to the half-length of the chamber. The in...

We contest a reductive view of trust, quite diffused in economics, and in studies influenced by the Game-Theory framework: the idea that trust has necessarily to do with contexts requiring ‘‘reciprocation’’; or that trust is trust in the other’s reciprocation. A multi-layer cognitive model of trust will be proposed. Trust is not conceived only as an attitude towards the other, implying differen...

Scientists at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), are continuing to develop and refine an innovative wastewater treatment system referred to as reciprocating subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Reciprocation relates to patented improvements in the design and operation of paired subsurface-flow constructed wetlands, su...

Polynomials are defined recursively in various ways associated with reciprocation; e.g., Sn+1(x)/Tn+1(x) = Sn(x)/Tn(x) ± Tn(x)/Sn(x). Under certain conditions, the zeros of Sn interlace those of Tn. Identities for Sn, Tn, and related polynomials are derived, as well as recurrence relations and infinite sums involving roots of polynomials.