The current approach to breast reconstruction remains largely subjective and is based on physical examination and visual-estimates of breast size. Thus, the overall success of breast reconstruction is limited by the inability of plastic surgeons to objectively assess breast volume and shape, which may result in suboptimal outcomes. A potential solution to this obstacle may be three-dimensional ...

The kinematic and algorithmic singularities in controlling robotic manipulators have been investigated intensively because they are not predictable or difficult to avoid. The problem with handling these singularities is an unnecessary performance reduction in non-singular region and the difficulty in performance tuning. In this paper, we propose a method of avoiding kinematic and algorithmic si...

background: acute pain is common after arthroscopic surgeries and it is one of the most important causes of patient dissatisfaction, admission time and increased morbidity . gabapentin with anti-hyperalgesic effects can play a critical role in pre-emptive analgesia methods. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of gabapentin in pain management after surgery and the rate of drug consu...