In order to compare rectal and intravenous(IV) administration of diazepam for management of convulsions,a prospective cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 94 convulsive infants and children referring to the Emergency department of the university hospital No.1 in Kerman.all children were randomly divided into two groups.the patients were matched with regard to the cause,type,durat...

Rationale: Rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg-maximum single dose 20 mg) is our standard practice for terminating prolonged (seizure > 5 minutes and continuing) or acute repetitive seizures in children, both inpatient and at home. Recently, clinically significant respiratory depression, requiring mechanical support has been reported in 8.8% of children receiving rectal diazepam (Norris et al, Dev. Med....

Intravenous access cannot always be promptly obtained when treating status epilepticus outside the hospital. We compared the efficacy and safety of diazepam rectal gel to IV lorazepam in our long-term care facility for adults with developmental disabilities. Diazepam rectal gel was given more quickly and reliably, reducing total seizure time, potential neuronal injury and other complications. A...

The absorption of diazepam after rectal administration was studied in children with epilepsy. When given as a solution, diazepam was rapidly absorbed and produced serum diazepam concentrations above 200 ng/ml within 10 minutes in most children. However, a commercial suppository formulation was absorbed slowly and cannot be recommended for urgent treatment of fits. There is a need in the UK for ...

A Prolonged convulsive seizure is the most common neurological medical emergency with poor outcome. An ideal anticonvulsant should be easy-to-use, effective, and safe, and it should also have a long-lasting effect. Benzodiazepines, give via the intravenous or rectal route have generally been used as first-line drugs. In small children, IV access can be difficult and time consuming. Midazolam is...

Diazepam 1 mg/kg body weight was administered rectally to 14 children (11-22.5 kg) before minor surgery under general anaesthesia. Administration in solution (n = 7) resulted in a rapid increase in serum concentrations which were maintained for 8 h. Administration by suppository (n = 7) resulted in significantly lower serum concentrations at 10 and 20 min, but higher concentrations at 2 h. At o...

Oromucosal midazolam (Buccolam™) is a benzodiazepine approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute, prolonged, convulsive seizures. This article reviews the pharmacologic properties of oromucosal midazolam and its clinical efficacy and tolerability for the treatment of prolonged acute convulsive seizures in pediatric patients aged 3 months to <18 years. Midazolam exerts its action...