Lexer described his procedure of inferior glandular resection with subcutaneous undermining and nipple transposition in 1921[7] and the same was later described by Kraske in 1923[8] and the procedure came to be known as the Lexer-Kraske operation. Axhausen[9] pioneered his three step technique: 1. Extensive subcutaneous undermining of the breast to reduce the glandular portion of the breast. 2....

background surgery for hypertrophied breast represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. the search for a good cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, with round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result. methods this study was carried out ...

carcinoma, it is standard perioperative practice for excised tissue obtained from routine reduction mammoplasty procedures to be sent for pathology review. 1 On average, an estimated 0.2–1.1% of all reduction mammoplasty specimens reviewed by pathology is diagnosed with occult malignancy. On occasion, atypical proliferative lesion of variable malignancy potential is also reported, which may bec...

ConClusion: We present a validated risk stratification tool for predicting 30-day SSM following reduction mammoplasty using data that are readily available to the clinician. This may allow targeted screening and intervention in high-risk patients, better counseling, selective resident participation, and ultimately decrease overall health-care costs. This is the first study to date that provides...

BACKGROUND Surgery for hypertrophied breast represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. The search for a good cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. Objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, with round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result. METHODS This study was car...

Reduction mammoplasty or breast reduction surgery reduces the volume and weight of the female breasts by removing excess fat, glandular tissue and skin. Macromastia is a condition that describes breast hyperplasia or hypertrophy. Macromastia may result in clinical symptoms such as shoulder, neck, or back pain, or recurrent intertrigo in the mammary folds. The goals of the surgery are to relieve...

ConClusion: We present a validated risk stratification tool for predicting 30-day SSM following reduction mammoplasty using data that are readily available to the clinician. This may allow targeted screening and intervention in high-risk patients, better counseling, selective resident participation, and ultimately decrease overall health-care costs. This is the first study to date that provides...