abstract: this paper presents the results of pullout tests on uniaxial geogrid embedded in silica sand under monotonic and cyclic pullout forces. the new testing device as a recently developed automated pullout test device for soil-geogrid strength and deformation behavior investigation is capable of applying load/displacement controlled monotonic/cyclic forces at different rates/frequencies an...

We examine a new class of action probability update algorithms for learning automata that use the relative reward strengths of responses from the environment. Speciically, we study update algorithms for S-Model automata in which \recent" environmental responses for each of the actions are retained and used. We prove a convergence result and study the behavior of these automata through simulatio...

We compare here the relative strength of four widely used procedures on finite strategic games: iterated elimination of weakly/strictly dominated strategies by a pure/mixed strategy. A complication is that none of these procedures is based on a monotonic operator. To deal with this problem we use ’global’ versions of these operators.