Humans perceive shape in two-dimensional shaded images, and turning such an image upside down can result in inversion of the relief of this image. Previous research indicates that this inversion is caused by assumptions related to overhead illumination, global convexity and viewpoint above the surface. In our article, we describe the inverted waves effect, in which turning an image of waves ups...

Introduction: Relief inversion explains a wide range of sinuous and dendritic ridges on the martian surface as well as elevated craters [1]. The process occurs when former depressions become elevated because their fill is more resistant to erosion than the surrounding terrain. On Mars the most likely cementing agents for surface induration are iron oxides, opalline silica, sulfates and perhaps ...

The Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)-Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) deposits exposed at the southern front of Central High Atlas (CHA, Southern Morocco) include thick fluvial successions largely undifferentiated in previous studies. These continental strata record a long period relief formation due to crustal shortening and subsequent denudation that predated Cenozoic, syn-collisional, tectonic in...

OBJECTIVE To successfully treat a patient with complex regional pain syndrome, refractory to standard therapy, to enable a rapid and full return to professional duties. SETTING This case report describes the rapid resolution of an unusual presentation of complex regional pain syndrome type I after four days of treatment with a continuous sciatic peripheral nerve block and a concomitant parent...

[1] Changes in gravity due to volcanic loading of the crust are influenced by topography. We investigate the relative importance of topography and self-gravitation in the interpretation of gravity changes. It is shown that modeling of gravity changes can be more precise with the introduction of topographic relief, although it is neglected self-gravitation of the medium. This paper exploits this...