نتایج جستجو برای: removal of user fees
تعداد نتایج: 21184833 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The introduction of cost-sharing strategies such as user-fees for health care in developing countries has received increasing attention due to declining government expenditure on health and reduced donor funding. Many governments of developing countries face the dilemma of introducing fees for family planning services while maintaining contraceptive prevalence rates. This study conducted 16 foc...
This article analyzes the historical background of the institutionalization of user fees and their subsequent abolition in West Africa. Based on a narrative review, we present the context that frames the different articles in this supplement. We first show that a general consensus has emerged internationally against user fees, which were imposed widely in Africa in the 1980s and 1990s; at that ...
Criteria and processes for identifying the poor as beneficiaries of programs in developing countries
Since the 1980s, most developing countries have adopted a policy of user fees for health care services. Such policies, however, reduce access to services for those unable to pay. A variety of options have been explored to mitigate this negative effect, and these are the subject of three policy briefs that complement this one. One option is to eliminate this type of policy by abolishing health s...
Purpose This study investigates the effect of user fees on access and waiting time in Nigeria. For access, both preventive curative care; at public healthcare facilities were examined. User are vital for fiscal sustainability provision most African economies. Its imposition could debar by poor while its removal can reduce quality care induce longer time. Design/methodology/approach The wave 3 N...
A-portion of the 1995 National Survey on Recreation and the Environment examined public opinion toward user fees as a means of funding recreation services on public lands, including campgrounds, boat ramps, trails, picnic areas, historic sites, restrooms, parking areas, special exhibi ts SC presentat ions, visi tor centers, and other facil i t ies. Respondents were offered five choices to fund ...
در این پایان نامه به بررسی روش های آشکارسازی در سیستم های mc-cdma می پردازیم. با توجه به ماهیت آشکارسازی در این سیستم ها، تکنیک های آشکارسازی را می توان به دو دسته ی اصلی تقسیم نمود: آشکارسازی سیگنال ارسالی یک کاربر مطلوب بدون در نظر گرفتن اطلاعاتی در مورد سایر کاربران تداخل کننده که از آن ها به عنوان آشکارساز های تک کاربره یاد می شود و همچنین آشکارسازی سیگنال ارسالی همه ی کاربران فعال موجود در...
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