the growth of the electrical energy consumption form one side and the bounded available fossil fuel and other limitations from the other side, makes the thermal power plants upgrading as a main demand in the world. decreasing the internal energy consumption, increasing the performance and the output power with the minimum costs are the important targets of the power plants retrofitting. nowaday...

Wind turbines in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (Alameda/Contra Costa Counties, California, USA) generate about 730 GWh of electricity annually, but have been killing thousands of birds each year, including >2,000 raptors and hundreds of burrowing owls. We have developed collision hazard maps and hazard ratings of wind turbines to guide relocation of existing wind turbines and careful rep...

This article presents the results of a techno-economic analysis repowering coal-fired power plant’s steam turbine system to instead accept heat produced by pressurized water reactor-type small modular nuclear (PWR SMR). type challenge due significantly lower pressure and temperature system. A 460 MW supercritical unit with parameters 28 MPa/560 °C/580 °C, operated in Łagisza Power Plant Poland,...

Purpose The paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the electromechanical equipment traditional vertical axis water mills (VAWMs) to help investors, mill owners and engineers preliminary estimate related benefits costs VAWM repowering. Design/methodology/approach Two sustainable repowering solutions were examined with additional aim preserve original status aesthetics VAWM: use wheel (VAWW...

The broad-ranging provisions in Title IV of The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (P.L. 101-549) raise myriad implementation issues, particularly with respect to the system of tradeable "allowances." This system provides an economic mechanism by which emitters of sulfur dioxide (SO2) can determine the most cost-effective way to meet reduction requirements. Issues include the role of States, part...

Due to long life of steam power plants in Iran, transformation of steam cycles to combined cycles is under consideration. Bandar-Abbas steam power plant with capacity of 320 MW has been analyzed in this work. This old plant is located near the harbor city of Bandar-Abbas at southern Iran. Method of exergy analysis is used to study the current and the repowered systems. Optimum state of the repo...