serovar-specific real-time pcr for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) was conductedto detect the genomic dna of s. enteritidis from laying goose after subcutaneous vaccination at differenttime points. indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique and immunohistochemical localization wereemployed to validate the results. the results showed that s. enteritidis was consistent...

background: dna immunization with plasmid dna encoding bacterial, viral, parasitic, and tumor antigens has been reported to trigger protective immunity. the use of plasmid dna vaccinations against many diseases has produced promising results in animal and human clinical trials; however, safety concerns about the use of dna vaccines exist, such as the possibility of integration into the host gen...

background: high content of phospholipids in testes and epididymis is involved in regulation of spermatogenesis. on the other side, it makes testes susceptible to oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation, which alters the normal mechanism of spermatogenesis. objective: in the present investigation, antioxidant effects of ethanolic extracts of parsley, lettuce and brahmi were tested against d-...

Understanding of the development of the reproductive organs is essential to the evaluation of abnormalities in sexual differentiation. Recent advances resulting from application of genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructural techniques have helped to clarify the mechanisms regulating gonadal and reproductive tract development. The present review considers the major processes of sexual differentia...

thrips species injurious to grapes are known as pests in vineyards all over the world and belong to the main pests of grapes in west azarbaijan, iran. in this study, thrips species occurring in west azarbaijan vineyards were identified and the predominant species documented according to their relative abundance at different growth stages. the seasonal abundance of predominant species was invest...