No patient-oriented evidence supports pneumococcal revaccination of any patient (high-risk or otherwise). Antibody levels may be augmented by revaccination; however, the clinical efficacy of revaccination, even among high-risk patients, is unknown. Revaccination is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in certain circumstances (strength of recommendation [SOR]: ...

To evaluate the need to revaccinate laboratory workers against smallpox, we assessed regular revaccination at the US Laboratory Response Network's variola testing sites by examining barriers to revaccination and the potential for persistence of immunity. Our data do not provide evidence to suggest prolonging the recommended interval for revaccination.

BACKGROUND This study assessed antibody levels for 5 years after primary vaccination or revaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PN23). METHODS Subjects were enrolled into 4 study groups by age (50-64 or > or = 65 years) and prior vaccination status (no prior vaccination or 1 vaccination 3-5 years previously). Blood was obtained on day 0 (before primary vaccination or...

In a large multicenter smallpox vaccination study carried out from 1970 to 1973, it was found that 39% of children who were initially immunized by the subcutaneous route and then challenged percutaneously with a standard vaccination did not have measurable neutralizing antibody upon follow-up. Because of this finding, a percutaneous revaccination study was conducted at the St. Louis study cente...

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective outbreak control strategy for school-based measles outbreaks as the proportion of children with two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increases. SETTING A school-based measles outbreak during 1996 involving 63 cases in Juneau, Alaska (population 29 288), where systematic revaccination with MCV was not implemented. DESIGN A retrospective eval...

In a comparative study of two commercial baby hamster kidney rabies vaccines produced in Brazil, the authors were able to demonstrate the following: a) both vaccines provoked a high level of antibody response and protection against challenge in cattle b) in primary vaccination, at least, the addition of avridine (a synthetic lipoidal amine) enhances the immune response in terms of the level and...

BACKGROUND Following primary vaccination of adults ⩾65years of age with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), immune responses increase and thereafter appear to decrease over time. With increased life expectancy worldwide, revaccination with PPSV23 may be required for continued protection of the elderly population against pneumococcal disease. The present study evaluated the i...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of low-dose MTX and etanercept treatment on efficacy of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) revaccination in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. METHODS A prospective nested case-control study was performed to investigate markers of MMR revaccination induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity in 15 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ages 6-...

We evaluated the seroprevalence of measles antibody and response to measles reimmunization in 590 previously vaccinated adolescents and young adults; 263 were seronegative. To differentiate between primary and secondary vaccine failure, anti-measles IgM and IgG titres were assessed again 2-4 weeks after revaccination in 144 (105 seronegative, 39 seropositive) individuals: 75 seronegative partic...