People maintain larger distances to other peoples' front than to their back. We investigated if humans also judge another person as closer when viewing their front than their back. Participants watched animated virtual characters (avatars) and moved a virtual plane toward their location after the avatar was removed. In Experiment 1, participants judged avatars, which were facing them as closer ...

In this work we correct a calculation made by Albert Einstein that appears in his book titled The Meaning of Relativity (Princeton, 1953), and by means of which he tries to obtain the number of degrees of freedom of a system composed of n particles with fixed relative distances and which are immersed in a three-dimensional space. As a result of our analysis, we develop expressions which yield t...

Total and average distance are not only interesting invariants of graphs in their own right but are also used for studying properties or classifying graphical systems that depend on the number of edges traversed. Recent examples include studies of computer networks [3] and the use of graphical invariants to partially classify the structure of molecules [1]. There have been a number of conjectur...

The paper ‘‘Mean Distance and Minimum Degree,’’ by Mekkia Kouider and Peter Winkler, JGT 25#1 (1997), 95–99 mistakenly attributes the computer program GRAFFITI to Fajtlowitz and Waller, instead of just Fajtlowitz. (Our apologies to Siemion Fajtlowitz.) Note also that one of the ‘‘flaws’’ we note for Conjecture 62 (that it was made for graphs regular of degree d, vice graphs of minimum degree d)...

In [1], Hamzeh, Iranmanesh Hossein-Zadeh and M. V. Diudea recently introduced the generalized degree distance of graphs. In this paper, we present explicit formulas for this new graph invariant of the Cartesian product, composition, join, disjunction and symmetric difference of graphs and introduce generalized and modified generalized degree distance polynomials of graphs, such that their first...

It is doubtless that intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory plays an increasingly important role in solving the problems under uncertain situation. As one of the most critical members in the theory, distance measure is widely used in many aspects. Nevertheless, it is a pity that part of the existing distance measures has some drawbacks in practical significance and accuracy. To make up for their...

Graph invariants, based on the distances between the vertices of a graph, are widely used in theoretical chemistry. The degree resistance distance of a graph G is defined as D R (G) =  {u,v}⊆V (G) [d(u) + d(v)]R(u, v), where d(u) is the degree of the vertex u, and R(u, v) the resistance distance between the vertices u and v. Let Cact(n; t) be the set of all cacti possessing n vertices and t cy...