during past earthquakes, many instances of building damage as a result of earthquake surface fault rupture have been observed. the results of investigating a potential mitigation scheme are presented in this paper. such plan provides a wall in the soil with the aim of surface displacement localization in the narrow pre-determined location. this may reduce the risk of the future rupture downstre...

ground differential movements due to faulting have been observed to cause damage to engineered structures and facilities. although surface fault rupture is not a new problem, there are only a few building codes in the world containing some type of provisions for reducing the risks. fault setbacks or avoidance of construction in the proximity to seismically active faults, are usually supposed as...

Active deformation in Alborz range is due to N-S convergence between Arabia and Eurasia. This paper provides geomorphic traces of regional deformation in NW Iran in order to characterize active faulting on major faults. Soltanieh and North Zanjan fault systems are involved in convergence boundary extent between South Caspian Basin and Central Iran. Soltanieh and North Zanjan faults are major re...

the zagros fold- thrust belt as a part of alpine- himalayan orogenic belt, is one of the most active continental collision zones on the earth, which extends from the tarus mountains in south eastern turkey to the minab fault in the east of the strait of hormoz in southern iran. structurally, its formation is related to the continuing convergent movement between the arabian plate to the southwes...

The NNW-trending Dena Fault, with 140 km length, cuts the major structures of Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt in Borujen region. The fault has divided the region in two zones, in which different structural, andmorphological features as well assedimentation and seismtectonic characteristics have developed. This study presents a new interpretation for the kinematics of Dena Fault based on field evidence....

the nw-se trending zagros fold and thrust belt extends for about 1,800 km from a location some 300 km se of the east anatolian fault in ne turkey to the strait of hormuz where the north-south trending zendan-minab-palami fault system (zmp) separates the zagros belt from the makran accretionary prism. the ne limit of the zagros belt is marked by the main zagros reverse fault which is rotated abo...

the nnw-trending dena fault, with 140 km length, cuts the major structures of zagros fold-thrust belt in borujen region. the fault has divided the region in two zones, in which different structural, andmorphological features as well assedimentation and seismtectonic characteristics have developed. this study presents a new interpretation for the kinematics of dena fault based on field evidence....

This paper provides an overview to detect, locate, and characterize fault in structural and mechanical systems using various methods. Since last few decades experimentally measured frequencies has been extensively used to crack detection. The relationships between frequency changes and structural damage are discussed. Various reverse techniques proposed for detecting fault using natural frequen...

Geological forces shape the earth’s crust. Normal faults, for example, form when extensional forces pull blocks of rock apart along a plane, whereas reverse faults are formed by compressional forces. Geologists classify faults to retrace the forces that have acted on an area; however, normal and reverse faults often look similar. In this study we investigated whether viewing superficially simil...