This work provides a practical method for the development of rural road networks in rural areas of developing countries. The proposed methodology enables to determine obligatory points in the rural road network maximizing the number of settlements that have access to basic services within a given maximum distance. The proposed methodology is simple and practical, hence, highly applicable to rea...

Deaths from rural road crashes continue at a higher rate per head of population than that for major cities1,2, with the risk of dying on rural roads exceeding that on motorways by four to six times.2 In particular the male death rate from motor vehicle crashes in rural and remote areas of Australia is significantly higher than the male death rate in major cities.2 In 1992, rural and remote road...

Mainland China accounted for about 7% of the global road fatalities in 2008. Road crashes happening on Chinese roads were deadly. On average, one person died in every four reported traffic crashes. Despite the scarcity of data, substantial rural-urban differences were found. In the rural areas, higher-order Highways, roads with no lighting and some heavy vehicles warrant particular attention fr...

BACKGROUND Recent changes in rural road traffic mortality have not been examined in China although rural residents were reported as having greater risk of road traffic injury than urban residents. We aimed to examine changes in urban and rural road traffic mortality rates between 2005 and 2010 in China. METHODS Mortality rates came from the publicly available health data of the Ministry of He...

objectives: to investigate the differences in death after receiving emergency services in traffic accidents between urban and rural regions, and decompose factors of the gap in langerood, northern iran. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in langrood, northern iran during a 1-year period from 2013 to 2014. the hospital data of traffic crashes were used. data contained those patien...

This paper investigates the impact of road tolling in rural China. The country's lack of capital for transport development has made tolls a common place. Toll roads have been established in both urban and rural areas. Examining the interactions between peasants and rural markets in a county in Guangdong province, this study demonstrated road tolling has restricted people's choice of market venu...

Use and characteristics of the minor rural road network have changed dramatically in West-European intensive agricultural landscapes. These changes are caused by modern agriculture, by changing values of the road’s verges and by the multifunctionalization of the rural landscape. Changing the network, conventional farming practices often decrease landscape ecological stability. These problems ca...

More US teens die from traffic crashes than from any other cause, with speed and rural roads major contributing factors. This study aimed to validate a high-fidelity simulator to explore these risks in an injury-free environment. Twenty-one newly-licensed 16-year-old males completed simulated and on-the-road drives of the same rural roads. Average free speeds on three road segments showed no sy...

background and aim: traffic accident is one of the main causes of mortality in iran. the damage and injury caused by these accidents threatens human societies severely. rural accidents are often more severe and show harsher consequences because the operational speed is higher on rural roads and highways. world statistics presented by world health organization (who) reveal that about 25 percent ...

Road information as a type of basic geographic information is very important for services such as city planning and traffic navigation, as such there is an urgent need for updating road information in a timely manner. Scholars have proposed various methods of extracting roads from remote sensing images, but most of them are not applicable to rural roads with diverse materials, large curvature c...