Interest of scientists in both emirates samanids and Ghaznawid clearly appeared after they were able to establish a, peaceful secure country, helping by the princes Samanids sultans was a main factor emerging great among them Biruni al- Khwarizmi others prominent figures. these played huge role stages history became source scientific historical research for their future generation.

in the abbasid era, chieftainship (niqābat) was a politico-religious institution with social functions. since the early periods of the samanids era, the alavids’ chieftainship in nayshābūr, capital of khurāsān, had been turned over to the ḥusaynī alavids of banū zubāra, but amīr nūḥ b. manṣūr sāmānī (ruled 366-378) handed over this post to a ḥasanī alavid, whose descendants became the hereditar...

so far, no clear analysis of political events in iran in the context of khwarazm in the third and fourth centuries ah/ tenth century has been achieved. the mistake, the political families of the ancient rule of the al-ma'mun, the continuity of all the ancient al afrygh are enumerated. so al- afrygh and al-iraq also have as a rule! while there is an aura of historical ambiguities, not a cit...

samanidgovernment was established in the fourthcentury (ah) in the east of islamic caliphate, within a rich socio-cultural context. samanid dynasty needed to prove its rights and legitimacy because of its conflict with the political discourse of their rival governments. this had to be done by taking advantage of thevalues and conceptsembedded in the rational, cultural, and conceptual contextsan...

Prince Khalaf bin Ahmed was born in the year (326 AH / 938 AD), and he is from a family of Persian origins. His lineage goes back on mother’s side to falconers who ruled Islamic East after they took Sijistan as their capital. After several decades, able take over with his cunning political sophistication. And administrative, province Sijistan, continued rule this region for decades (355 961 AD)...