Microplastics are small plastic particles (<1 mm) originating from the degradation of larger plastic debris. These microplastics have been accumulating in the marine environment for decades and have been detected throughout the water column and in sublittoral and beach sediments worldwide. However, up to now, it has never been established whether microplastic presence in sediments is limited to...

Extraction and transportation of oil in the Sea are one of the pollution sources in the Seawater. Caspian Sea contains about 100000 million barrels of oil. It also contains over 35000 millions cubic meter of flue gas. Daily extractions of crude oil and gas and transportation of them are the main pollution sources of the Caspian Sea. Many truck to carry goods and oil tankers to carry oil from po...

Particulate air pollution has been shown to strongly suppress precipitation from convective clouds over land. New observations show that precipitation from similar polluted clouds over oceans is much less affected, because large sea salt nuclei override the precipitation suppression effect of the large number of small pollution nuclei. Raindrops initiated by the sea salt grow by collecting smal...

nowadays, a noticeable part of the relations among the states turn around the environment protection. therefore, the right for ever-creasing use of the existing resources of this inland sea cannot be exclusive to any caspian state and the aftermath involves all countries of this basin. in this respect, agreement on political border and boundaries with the caspian sea?s ecosystem is a difficult ...

Marine pollution has been a hot issue since 1990s around the world. Chua discussed marine pollution prevention and management in the East Asian Seas, concentrating on pollution caused by land and sea based sources [2]. The land based sources included destruction of coastal habitats, urban effluents discharge and coastal sand mining has resulted in serious coastline erosion. Sea based sources in...

caspian sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the earth. since the collapse of soviet union in 1991 and discovering large oil and gas fields, some issues such as political, economic and environmental events, made the caspian sea important. the ecology of the sea are being endangered due to several issues such as petroleum extraction, river and sea pollutions, water level rise, biological...

the concentrations of some heavy metals in sediment from the sinop coasts of the black sea were measured to monitor metal pollution in 2013. the distribution of the heavy metals in sediments of the black sea shows a variable pattern. the objectives of the present study were to elucidate the distribution heavy metals such as cu, pb, zn, ni, mn, fe, as, cd, cr, hg and co in sediment from sinop co...

ion Taxes Subsidies for Pollution Control Tradable Discharge Permits Effluent Charges Surface Water / Sea Ground Water Municipal Use Public Water

Results of radar monitoring of the sea surface in the Russian sector of the Black Sea coastal zone are presented. The attention was focused on the detection of oil pollution as well as biogenic and anthropogenic surfactant films. The basic data were high resolution radar images obtained by synthetic aperture radars (SAR) on board Envisat and ERS-2 satellites of the European Space Agency. Spatia...