It is well known that the physiological activities of compounds are affected by their molecular structures. Hence, it is very important for the risk assessment of environmental chemicals such as PCDD and PCDF to evaluate structure-activity relationships (SAR). For precise analysis of SAR, the compounds should be stereoselectively synthesized. In this paper, we evaluated SAR of flaxseed lignan, ...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland. Itis a leading disorder of the elderly male population. Excessive production of dihydrotestosteronehas been implicated in this pathological condition. Steroidal 5α-reductase is a membrane boundNADPH dependent enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of testosterone (T) todihydrotestosterone (DHT). The...

benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland. itis a leading disorder of the elderly male population. excessive production of dihydrotestosteronehas been implicated in this pathological condition. steroidal 5α-reductase is a membrane boundnadph dependent enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of testosterone (t) todihydrotestosterone (dht). the...

Using Caco-2 cell monolayers expressing CYP3A4, we investigated the interplay between metabolism and transport on the first-pass intestinal extraction of the immunosuppressant sirolimus, a CYP3A4/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. Modified Caco-2 cells metabolized [(14)C]sirolimus to the predicted amounts of CYP3A4-mediated products based on CYP3A4 content, which was approximately 20% of that mea...

Consumption of flaxseed lignans is associated with various health benefits; however, little is known about the bioavailability of purified lignans in flaxseed. Data on their bioavailability and hence pharmacokinetics (PK) are necessary to better understand their role in putative health benefits. In the present study, we conducted a comparative PK analysis of the principal lignan of flaxseed, se...

While previous research on software ecosystems (SECO) mostly focused on SECO providers or software developers, recent studies have begun to analyze the user perspective and try to explain switching behavior. However, SECOs are complex and consist of several components. Since current switching theories do not fully account for these complex structures, these need to be adapted. We expand the pus...

To create value with a software ecosystem (SECO), a platform owner has to ensure that the SECO is healthy and sustainable. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are used to assess whether and how well such objectives are met and what the platform owner can do to improve. This paper gives an overview of existing research on KPI-based SECO assessment using a systematic mapping of research publications...

A Software Ecosystem (SECO) can be seen as a distributed network of software companies interacting either in a cooperative or competitive manner, being connected by a shared platform. They participate in complex interrelations and play different roles. This perspective brings several social, managerial and technical challenges. The goal of this paper is to investigate the challenges involved in...

* We are grateful to the State Secretariat of Economic (seco) Affairs of the Swiss Government and the Bundesamt für Sozialversicherung for providing the data. as well as from seco is gratefully acknowledged. Heidi Steiger provided valuable research assistance. Monica Curti and Jonathan Gast, both seco, were also particularly helpful for many practical details of this study. A preliminary versio...

Analogs of the seco-cyclopyrroloindoline (seco-CPI), the DNA alkylation pharmacophore of CC-1065 and the duocarmycins, can be prepared through a 5-exo-trig radical cyclization of a free radical and a 3-chloro-2-allylic moiety. This manuscript reports an unexpected discovery that, depending on the structure and stability of the free radical, the cyclization process leads to the production of an ...