one of the most important advantages of particle simulation as compared to fluid simulation is the capacity for working with and tracing particles. in particle simulations, the test particle method is usually used to get some idea of the behavior of plasma or other substances. in this method, first, a small number of particles are injected into the frame of static electromagnetic fields. then, ...

We directly image hot spot formation in functioning mono- and bilayer graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) using infrared thermal microscopy. Correlating with an electrical-thermal transport model provides insight into carrier distributions, fields, and GFET power dissipation. The hot spot corresponds to the location of minimum charge density along the GFET; by changing the applied bias, t...

This Thesis describes the basic framework of a relativistic ray-tracing code for analyzing accretion processes around Kerr black holes. We begin in Chapter 1 with a brief historical summary of the major advances in black hole astrophysics over the past few decades and outline some of the important questions still open today. In Chapter 2 we present a detailed description of the ray-tracing code...

We use new and archival Chandra data to investigate the X-ray emission from a large sample of compact hot spots of FR II radio galaxies and quasars from the 3C catalog. We find that only the most luminous hot spots tend to be in good agreement with the predictions of a synchrotron self-Compton model with equipartition magnetic fields. At low hot spot luminosities inverse Compton predictions are...

In the context of a relativistic hot spot model, we investigate different physical mechanisms to explain the behavior of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) from accreting black holes. The locations and amplitudes of the QPO peaks are determined by the ray-tracing calculations presented in Schnittman & Bertschinger (2004a): the black hole mass and angular momentum give the geodesic coordinate fr...

The activity of the M26 meiotic recombination hot spot of Schizosaccharomyces pombe depends on the presence of the heptamer 5'-ATGACGT-3'. Transplacement of DNA fragments containing the ade6-M26 gene to other chromosomal loci has previously demonstrated that the heptamer functions in some, but not all, transplacements, suggesting that hot spot activity depends on chromosomal context. In this st...

Spontaneous combustion of coal is an important problem in mining and storage, in terms of both safety and economics. This is because coal reacts with oxygen in the air and an exothermic reaction occurs, even in ambient conditions. The heat of the reaction accumulates and the reaction becomes progressively faster and thermal runaway may take place to the point of ignition. A detailed computer mo...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The presence of efficient malaria vectors namely Anopeles culicifacies, An. fluviatilis and An. annularis (Diptera: Culicidae), rapid industrialization causing large influx of population and poor health infrastructure are some of the factors that make malaria an important public health problem in Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand State, India. A geographical information s...