A new approach for analyzing cracked problems in 2D orthotropic materials using the well-known element free Galerkin method and orthotropic enrichment functions is proposed. The element free Galerkin method is a meshfree method which enables discontinuous problems to be modeled efficiently. In this study, element free Galerkin is extrinsically enriched by the recently developed crack-tip orthot...

OBJECTIVE To understand crack cocaine craving among users and describe craving behaviors and coping strategies. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES Qualitative study with a non-random criterion sample consisting of 40 current and former crack cocaine users conducted in São Paulo, southeast Brazil, in 2007 and 2008. Respondents were selected using snowball sampling technique. In-depth semi-structured in...

In this paper, we derive the second-order crack opening displacement tensor for an arbitrarily oriented elliptical in elliptically orthotropic (EO) matrix. This result is obtained explicit closed form. The approach based on Saint-Venant’s idea of linear transformation between boundary value problems and isotropic bodies. solution utilizes classical representation ellipsoid where smallest aspect...

In 2004, a team comprised of researchers and service providers launched the Safer Crack Use, Outreach, Research and Education (SCORE) project in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The project was aimed at developing a better understanding of the harms associated with crack cocaine smoking and determining the feasibility of introducing specific harm reduction strategie...

The stress distribution on the tip of the cracks and the stress intensity factor on them are the main courses in the fracture mechanic. The stress intensity factor of the cracks with the different load exited and the different geometry are listed in the tables of the standard books. In all of them, the cracks are located in the central point of the plates. In the uniform edge loaded case, the c...

Iranian crack is a new form of narcotic substance that has found widespread prevalence inIran in the past years. crack only nominally resembles crack cocaine as it is widely different inits clinical signs. Thus the present study aims to quantify the chemical combination of this drug.The samples included 18 specimen of crack collected from different zones of Tehran, Iran.All specimens were in th...

Burrowing marine infauna are morphologically diverse and ecologically important as ecosystem engineers. The polychaetes Nereis virens and Cirriformia moorei extend their burrows by crack propagation. Nereis virens does so by everting its pharynx and C. moorei, lacking an eversible pharynx or proboscis, uses its hydrostatic skeleton to expand its anterior. Both behaviors apply stress to the burr...