To model, from its inception, interenterprise network formation and its interaction with foreign investment across an entire epoch of rapid and profound economic transformation, the authors gathered data on the complete ownership histories of 1,696 of the largest Hungarian enterprises from 1987 to 2001. They develop a social sequence analysis to identify distinctive pathways whereby firms use n...

background: infectivity of herbivores with trichostrongylus nematodes is widespread in many countries, having a major economic impact on breeding, survivability, and productivity of domestic livestock. this study was carried out on trichostrongylus species isolated from domestic livestock in order to develop an easy-to-perform method for species identification. methods: trichostrongylus isolate...

toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii (t.gondii) throughout the world. although usually asymptomatic, the infection can cause serious medical problems in immunocompromised individuals and fetuses. toxoplasmosis also causes considerable economic loss because of abortion in livestock. dna vaccination is a promising approach against intracellular parasite...

Sarcocystis is a genus of cyst-forming parasites infecting both animals and human. This study aimed to isolate coccidian tissue cysts from muscle of infected animals by a simple method in addition to molecular identification of Sarcocystis cruzi from the samples. The samples were obtained from commercial source in Babol, Northern Iran. Five grams of calf muscle was cut into 2-3 pieces in 30 ml ...

In the 'omic' era, hundreds of genomes are available for protein sequence analysis, and some 30 per cent of all sequences are of membrane proteins. Unlike globular proteins, a 3D model for membrane proteins can hardly be computed starting from the sequence. Why is this so? What can we really compute and with what reliability? These and other matters are outlined.

We present two complementary approaches for the interpretation of clusters of co-regulated genes, such as those obtained from DNA chips and related methods. Starting from a cluster of genes with similar expression profiles, two basic questions can be asked: 1. Which mechanism is responsible for the coordinated transcriptional response of the genes? This question is approached by extracting moti...

This paper tries to draw an analogy between gene sequences in bioinformatics and the game of Robotic soccer in the context of huge voluminous data and their analysis. The possibility of the game represented in the form of a biological pattern has been explored. The ideas and algorithms applicable to the nucleotide and protein sequences for various analytical purposes have been mapped to the gam...

Background: Phenol is an aromatic pollutant in industrial wastes that in combination with salts is highly toxic for all forms of life. Phenol elimination is the foremost challenge to meet the goal of pollutant-free environment. Objective: The present study was carried out to isolate phenol degrading bacteria which can degrade phenol under saline conditions and...

many recent studies have shown that glycosylation patterns of agaricus bisporus are similar to those of mammalians, so that this organism is a good candidate for the expression of glycosylated pharmaceutical protein. to achieve constant interested gene expression in all cells of the organism, proper promoter isolation is necessary. to isolate this promoter, pcr with specific primers was perform...