A Gaussian random process with a given power spectral density (PSD) function can be modeled as a sum of sinusoids (SOS), and has been widely used to simulate Rayleigh-fading communication channels. The conventional one-dimensional (1-D) channel model cannot capture the spatial correlation of shadowing processes. We here develop a two-dimensional (2-D) SOS-based channel model to simulate the sha...

For nonautonomous and nonlinear differential difference equations depending on a parameter, we formulate sufficient conditions under which they exhibit Ck, k∈N shadowing with respect to parameter. Our results are applicable situations when the linear part is not hyperbolic. In case hyperbolic, obtain dealing parameterized Hyers-Ulam stability.

Partial shadowing has been identified as a main cause for reducing energy yield of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The impact of the applied system configuration on the energy yield of partially shadowed arrays has been widely discussed. Nevertheless, there is still much confusion especially regarding the optimal grade of modularity for such systems. A 5-kWp photovoltaic system was install...

Let f be a diffeomorphism of a closed C∞ three-dimensional manifold. In this paper, we introduce the notion of C1-stably weak shadowing for a closed f -invariant set, and prove that C1-generically, for an aperiodic chain component Cf of f isolated in the chain recurrent set, if f|Cf is C 1-stably weak shadowing, then there are a C1-neighborhood U(f) of f and an open and dense subset V of U(f) s...

In this paper pseudoorbits of discrete dynamical systems are considered such that the one{step errors of the orbits tend to zero with increasing indices. First it is shown that close to hyperbolic sets such orbits are shadowed by true trajectories of the system with shadowing errors also tending to zero. Then the rates of convergence are studied via considering pseudoorbits such that the error ...