In order to better constrain models for simulating the environmental effects of large-scale arrays of Wave Energy Converters (WECs), we have performed laboratory experiments using five 1:33 scale, commercially-designed, point-absorber WECs. Multiple array configurations (1-device, 3-device, and 5device) were subjected to a wide range of wave conditions—both regular waves and fully-directional s...

Abstract— The direct sequence-code division multiple accesses (DS-CDMA) signals are transmitted over multipath channels that introduce fading and shadowing. Combined effect of multipath fading and shadowing along with multiple access interference (MAI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) worsens the system performance. Further, experimental results have confirmed the presence of impulsive nonGa...

A new method is developed for evaluating the error probability (P e) for Direct Sequence, Code Division Multiple Access (DS/CDMA) wireless systems that includes the effects of shadowing and fading. The method is based on saddle point integration (SPI) of the test statistic's moment generating function (MGF) in the complex plane. The SPI method is applicable to both ideal and wireless channels. ...

A novel physical-statistical channel model for simulating the signal effect by moving human bodies is presented. The human body is modeled as vertically oriented dielectric cylindrical volume. The received signal is assumed to be composed of a direct component which might be subject to shadowing and a multipath component due to reflection and diffuse scattering, i.e., a Ricean channel. The shad...

Sequential Bayesian filters, such as particle filters, are often presented as an ideal means of tracking the state of nonlinear systems. Here shadowing filters are demonstrated to perform better than sequential filters at tracking under specific circumstances. The success of shadowing filters is attributed to avoiding both well-known deficiencies of particle filters, and some newly identified p...

Modeling improvements of nonconservative forces affectingMars-orbiting spacecraft are presented in this study. Recent high-resolution gravity fields enable the recovery of smaller signals in the radio tracking data, previously obscured bymismodeled gravitational anomalies. In particular, the estimation of the atmospheric drag experienced by the spacecraft benefits from the new forcemodels.More ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is little information on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions of the extracranial carotid artery wall in free-living populations. The purpose of the present study was to describe the prevalence from 1987 through 1989 of extracranial carotid artery plaque and plaque with acoustic attenuation (shadowing) lesions in a general population of white and black adults...

Starting from an unintegrated gluon distribution which satisfies a 'unified' equation which embodies both BFKL and DGLAP behaviour, we compute the shadowing corrections to the integrated gluon in the small x domain that will be accessible at the LHC. The corrections are calculated via the Korchegov equation, which incorporates the leading ln(1/x) triple-Pomeron vertex, and are approximately res...

We discuss effect of nuclear shadowing in neutrino deep-inelastic scattering in terms of non perturbative parton model. We found that for small Bjorken x and large Q2 the structure function F3 is shadowed in nuclei about two times as stronger as F2. The underlying reason and phenomenological aspects of this observation are discussed. Key-words: neutrino, deep inelastic scattering, nuclear effec...

Let X be a divergence-free vector field defined on a closed, connected Riemannian manifold. In this paper, we show the equivalence between the following conditions: • X is a divergence-free vector field satisfying the shadowing property. • X is a divergence-free vector field satisfying the Lipschitz shadowing property. • X is an expansive divergence-free vector field. • X has no singularities a...