Y-shape formation increased the immunostimulatory activity of phosphodiester (PO) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motif. In this study, PO CpG ODN or CpG ODN containing nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate (PS) linkages, i.e., PS CpG ODN or PO CpG ODN with three PS linkages at the both ends (PS3), was mixed with two PO- or PS ODNs to prepare Y-shaped DNA (Y-DNA) containing a potent C...

In a computational topology of digital images, simplexes are replaced by Delta sets in approximating image object shapes. For simplicity, simplexes and Delta sets are restricted to the Euclidean plane. A planar simplex is either a vertex, a line segment or a filled triangle. In this study of image shapes, a planar Delta set is a sequence of ordered simplicial complexes. The basic approach is to...

In this paper, we prenent a method lo obtain the 3D sfinpc of on unJolded curved b o k surficc Jmrn an image tolien b y on image-scanner. The estimated shape can Be used jar !he reatomiton 01 !he distorted book i n a y e . This problem i s a practical oppIicoiion oJ ihe shape Jmm shadlng theory. Mre confimeri fbat the esiimaied shape mostly nlotches !lie reat shape and t h ~ image mstotoiion ja...

The strong shape category of topological spaces SSh can be defined using the coherent homotopy category CH, whose objects are inverse systems consisting of topological spaces, indexed by cofinite directed sets. In particular, if X, Y are spaces and q : Y → Y is a cofinite HPol-resolution of Y , then there is a bijection between the set SSh(X, Y ) of strong shape morphisms F : X → Y and the set ...

Suppose M is a topological m-manifold, X is a generalized nmanifold satisfying the disjoint disks property (DDP ), m > n ≥ 5, f : M → X is an approximate fibration, with fiber the shape of a closed topological manifold F , and Y is a closed, 1-LCC, codimension three subset of X. We examine conditions under which f is controlled homeomorphic to an approximate fibration g : M → X such that g|g−1(...

If in the classical S-category P, 1) continuous mappings are replaced by compact-open strong shape (= coss) morphisms (cf. §1 or [1], §2), and 2) ∧-products are properly reinterpreted, then an S-duality theorem for arbitrary subsets X ⊂ S (rather than for compact polyhedra) holds (Theorem 2.1). 0. Introduction. In a previous paper [1] we introduced the concept of coss-shape (compact-open strong...

An algorithm for shape rule application is presented. A shape rule a -> |3 applies to a labelled shape 7 whenever there is a transformation r that makes ot a subshape of 7. In this case, a new labelled shape can be obtained by replacing the occurrence of 7(a) in 7 with r(|3). The algorithm required for this process is developed in this paper. This algorithm determines all possible distinct tran...

this paper presents a description of the equipment, testing procedure, and methodology to obtain ground mechanical parameters. the p-y curves for laterally loaded piles are developed. methods for the development of p-y curves from pressure meter and dilatometer (dmt) test are described. p-y curves are used in the analysis to represent lateral soil-pile interaction. the pressure meter offers an ...