Sheeted dike complexes, in which dike intrudes dike without intermediate screens of gabbro or pillow lava, have long been considered key features of oceanic lithosphere and ophiolites formed in extensional environments. The presence of a sheeted complex implies an approximate balance between spreading rate and magma supply, such that there is just enough melt to fill newly formed fractures prod...

Troodos is a classical ophiolite complex. It is proposed that the serpentinized harzburgites that now form the top of the mountain and represent the originally lowest part of the ophiolite sequence rose as a diapir. This diapiric rise is caused by the pervasive serpentinization of a suboceanic harzburgite, due to rock-sea water interaction. The serpentinization caused a 44% expansion of the roc...

[1] The uppermost 2 km of oceanic crust created near the southern end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge ( 60 mm/yr, full spreading rate) is exposed in a ‘‘tectonic window’’ created along the north wall of the Blanco Transform Fault. A total of 27 submersible dives transect this escarpment over a distance of >30 km, corresponding to 1 m.y. of spreading history. In this exposure, weakly deformed basaltic...

Furnes et al. (1) reported that a sheeted-dike complex they identified within the ~3.8billion-year-old Isua supracrustal belt (ISB) in Greenland provides the oldest evidence of oceanic crustal accretion by spreading. However, they did not alert readers that the ISB contains supracrustal rocks and mafic dikes of different ages (2, 3). They also failed to demonstrate that the proposed components ...

Axial melt lenses sandwiched between the lower oceanic crust and the sheeted dike sequences at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges are assumed to be the major magma source of oceanic crust accretion. According to the widely discussed "gabbro glacier" model, the formation of the lower oceanic crust requires efficient cooling of the axial melt lens, leading to partial crystallization and crystal-melt...

Ž . Gabbroic sills intruding dunite in the crust–mantle transition zone MTZ of the Oman ophiolite have textures and compositions very similar to those in modally layered gabbros that form the lower part of the gabbro section in the ophiolite, and different from those in non-layered gabbros near the dike–gabbro transition. The presence of gabbroic sills in the MTZ indicates that modally layered ...

A tectonic window into the upper 2,000 m of oceanic crust generated at superfast spreading (∼142 mm/yr) southern East Pacific Rise exposes a continuous layered structure basaltic lavas and sheeted dikes over gabbroic rocks. This relatively simple is in accord with expectations for crustal accretion very fast rate high magma budget where magmatic construction keeps pace plate separation. Detaile...

We present a prototype of the flood early warning system (EWS) developed within the UrbanFlood FP7 project. The system monitors sensor networks installed in flood defenses (dikes, dams, embankments, etc.), detects sensor signal abnormalities, calculates dike failure probability, and simulates possible scenarios of dike breaching and flood propagation. All the relevant information and simulation...