Teaching ESL to adults means being awed every day as we witness the tenacity and perseverance of immigrants carving out better lives for themselves and their families. —Spelleri, 2002

Intrinsic motivation has been shown in previous research to lead to better learning. In order to increase intrinsic motivation, REAP, a tutoring system for ESL vocabulary was enhanced to prefer practice readings that match personal interests. In a randomized experiment, students receiving personalized readings indicated higher levels of interest in post-reading questionnaires. Additionally, ove...

The concept of autonomy in the context of language education in Europe had focused on the importance of personal autonomy. It was only recently that cultural influences were taken into consideration in interpreting autonomy. Studies on undergraduates learning ESL (English as a Second Language) in public universities in Malaysia revealed that the students were basically teacher-centred and lacke...

Palynological and Palynofacies analysis combined with sedimentological studies have been performed on Dalichai Formation, northeast of Semnan, in order to define its paleoenviromental interpretation. Based on petrographic studies of organic matter, three palynofacies types were recognized as PF-1, PF-2, and PF-3. PF-1 is a characteristic of proximal shelf settings or basin. This palynofacies in...

Motivated by both classroom needs and learning science questions, we developed two computer-based systems to help students learn the English article system (a, an, the, null). The first system, a menu-based task, mimics cloze activities found in many ESL textbooks. The second, a controlled-editing task, gives students practice with both detecting errors and producing the correct response. Resul...

this research is focused on facies distribution, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironment of the gurimember of the mishan formation in kuh-e shur and kuh-e kurdeh sections at the lar area, fars province.the guri member is composed of limestone, marly limestone and marl and the thickness at kuh-e shur andkuh-e kurdeh is about 72 and 110 meters, respectively. based on petrographical studies of 120 thi...

[1] Radioisotope evaluation of a cold-core, anticyclonic eddy surveyed in September 2004 on the Chukchi Sea continental slope was used to determine its age since formation over the shelf environment. Because the eddy can be shown to have been generated near the shelf break, initial conditions for several age-dependent tracers could be relatively well constrained. A combination of Ra/Ra, excess ...

Background & objectives: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have many applications in the food industry. Although there are numerous advantages for PET it also has some disadvantages, one of which is the migration of materials from the container into the material inside. In this study, the effect of two factors of storage time and temperature on the migration rate was evaluated and mod...