worshiping devil is referred to in two verses of the holy quran. the semanticessence of worship is submission and humility. all interpreters – as far as weknow – have considered the worshiping devil as obeying him.this theory has some shortcomings, such as the fact that obedience is differentfrom worship and in order to assume worship to be obedience we need reason. itseems that the root of thi...

The Importance of a Positive Attitude The Act of Surrender One Man's Story What Happened ? Breaking Down The Act Of Surrender Internal Qualities Defiance Grandiosity Defiance and Grandiosity at Work in the Alcoholic External Circumstances The Positive Phase The Difference Between Submission and Surrender Relating The Act Of Surrender To The Therapeutic Process Differing acts of surrender Recogn...

We study the valuation of unit-linked life insurance contracts with surrender guarantees. Instead of solving an optimal stopping problem, we propose a more realistic approach accounting for policyholders’ rationality in exercising their surrender option. The valuation is conducted at the portfolio level by assuming the surrender intensity to be bounded from below and from above. The lower bound...

We study the fair valuation of participating life insurance policies with surrender guarantees when an early default mechanism is imposed by a regulator. An insurance company is forced to be liquidated once a solvency threshold is reached before maturity. The early default regulation affects the contracts’ value not only directly via changing the contracts’ payment streams but also indirectly v...

SURRENDER, IN STRIKING CONTRAST TO masochism, is a word that is seldom encountered in the psychoanalytic literature, and even then it often bears an ambiguous meaning. My goal in this paper is to give the term a certain clarity of definition and to study its relation to submission and masochism, which I regard as antitheses to surrender. In order to span the full compass of the meaning I give t...

“Surrender; therefore, surrender or fight” is apparently an argument corresponding to an inference from an imperative to an imperative. Several philosophers, however (Williams 1963; Wedeking 1970; Harrison 1991; Hansen 2008), have denied that imperative inferences exist, arguing that (1) no such inferences occur in everyday life, (2) imperatives cannot be premises or conclusions of inferences b...

The financial guarantees embedded in variable annuity (VA) contracts expose insurers to a wide range of risks, lapse risk being one of them. When policyholders’ lapse behavior differs from the assumptions used to hedge VA contracts, the effectiveness of dynamic hedging strategies can be significantly impaired. By studying how the fee structure and surrender charges affect surrender incentives, ...

An equity-indexed annuity (EIA) is a hybrid between a variable and a fixed annuity that allows the investor to participate in the stock market and earn at least a minimum interest rate. The investor sacrifices some of the upside potential for the downside protection of the minimum guarantee. Because EIAs allow investors to participate in equity growth without the downside risk, their popularity...

In the past 15 years, my understanding of the nature of alcoholism as a disease has been influenced largely by insight into the mechanisms at work in the Alcoholics Anonymous process. Some years ago I stated that A.A., to succeed, must induce a surrender on the -part of the individual I. More recently, I discussed the idea of compliance acting as a barrier to that real acceptance which a surren...