with careful design, mixed microstructures consisting of fine plates of upper bainitic ferrite separated by thinfilms of stable retained austenite have exhibited impressive combinations of strength and toughness in highsiliconbainitic steels. the silicon suppresses the precipitation of brittle cementite leading to an improvement intoughness. the essential principles governing the optimisation o...

We report on the first encapsulated rotary ball bearing mechanism using silicon microfabrication and stainless steel balls. The method of capturing stainless steel balls within a silicon race to support a silicon rotor both axially and radially is developed for rotary micro machines and MEMS ball bearing tribology studies. Initial demonstrations show speeds up to 6.8 krpm without lubrication, w...

Causes for deposition of defective galvanized coating (lumpy deposition of coating during hot dip galvanizing) of carbon-steel wire have been investigated. It is established that the lumpy deposition is caused due to segregation of silicon on the surface of steel wire. Due to this change in composition of the steel at surface, the regions get modified and lie in Sandelin hyper reactive zone. Th...

BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that the silicon BD Atomic Edge knife has superior performance characteristics when compared to a metal knife and performance similar to diamond knife when making various incisions. This study was designed to determine whether a silicon accurate depth knife has equivalent performance characteristics when compared to a diamond limbal relaxing incision (...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were deposited on various substrates namely untreated silicon and quartz, Fe-deposited silicon and quartz, HF-treated silicon, silicon nitride-deposited silicon, copper foil, and stainless steel mesh using thermal chemical vapor deposition technique. The optimum parameters for the growth and the microstructure of the synthesized CNTs on these substrates are described. Th...

The vertical stripe defects on silicon steel surface seriously affect the appearance and electromagnetic properties of silicon steel products. Eliminating such defects is adifficult and urgent technical problem. This paper investigates the relationship between the defects and their influence factors by classification methods. However, when the common classification methods are used in the probl...

Thin-film transistors have been fabricated in polycrystalline silicon films on steel foil. The polycrystalline silicon films were formed by the crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, which had been deposited on 200-mm-thick foils of stainless steel coated with ;0.5-mm-thick layers of SiO2. We employed crystallization temperatures ~and duration! of 600 °C ~6 h!, 650 °C ~1 h!, and 700...

We fabricated CMOS circuits from polycrystalline silicon films on steel foil substrates at process temperatures up to 950 C. The substrates were 0.2-mm thick steel foil coated with 0.5m thick SiO2. We employed silicon crystallization times ranging from 6 h (600 C) to 20 s (950 C). Thin-film transistors (TFTs) were made in either self-aligned or nonself-aligned geometries. The gate dielectric wa...

Steels containing sufficient concentrations of silicon tend to form a low melting temperature oxide called fayalite, which then penetrates both the steel and any other oxide to form a mechanical key. As a consequence, routine descaling operations fail to remove all traces of FeO that remain attached to the final product and oxidise to form a red oxide blemish on the surface. The formation of ox...

This paper presents the characterization and analysis of a 16.8%-efficient 18 um silicon solar cell on steel substrate. Photoluminescence (PL) is used to monitor the solar cell’s fabrication step by step, and a correlation between PL intensity and implied open circuit voltage is established. PL images yield spatially resolved maps of key electrical parameters such as dark reverse saturation cur...