Background. The skiing was first used in the history of mankind for transportation and hunting in the Altay Mountains, where harsh and long winter conditions exist. The use of skiing continued in many cultures and eventually turned into a sport where not the Winter Olympic Games serve as a venue for the competition. Objectives. This review aims to outline the phases of skiing and highlight how...

Th e purpose of this paper was to develop a typology for winter sports tourists deriving from the behavioural characteristics of British skiers and snowboarders. Th e paper also aimed to ascertain whether diff erences in the characteristics and behaviour of skiers and snowboarders were identifi able, and consequently whether the market could be meaningfully segmented based upon the sport partic...

Winter sports are played in cold conditions on ice or snow and often at moderate to high altitude. The most important nutritional challenges for winter sport athletes exposed to environmental extremes include increased energy expenditure, accelerated muscle and liver glycogen utilization, exacerbated fluid loss, and increased iron turnover. Winter sports, however, vary greatly regarding their n...

BACKGROUND Climate- or holiday-related seasonality in hospital admission rates is well known for many diseases. However, little research has addressed the impact of tourism on seasonality in admission rates. We therefore investigated the influence of tourism on emergency admission rates in Switzerland, where winter and summer leisure sport activities in large mountain regions can generate ortho...

PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to determine the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) among U.S. Olympic winter sport athletes. METHODS Subjects included female and male members of the 1998 U.S. Winter Olympic Team from the following sports: biathlon, cross-country ski, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, long-track speedskating, and short-track speedskating. Asse...

INTRODUCTION Shoes are an important part of the sports equipment. They are constantly developed and improved. This is especially evident for winter sports, alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, skating, etc. Usually, the design of ski boots is based on a trial and error method, where each prototype is tested on the outdoor terrain. This approach is very time consuming and expensive. It is affect...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate injury patterns of snowbladers and compare them with those of skiers and snowboarders. To determine possible effects of helmet use in these sports on injury to the head and neck. METHODS This prospective case series observational study was conducted by collecting the injury reports from the ski patrol during the 1999-2000 season at Mont Tremblant ski resort, Quebec. All...

Many of us winter sport enthusiasts will still remember the last Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver 2010: fantastic organisation and weather—a real ‘folk festival’ with street parties up in Whistler and in downtown Vancouver. However, we also remember a high number of injuries and tears of disappointment among athletes in the spectacular snowboard and ski freestyle races at Cypress Mountain spec...

case a 13-year-old boy presented to the ski clinic following a fall and a possible twisting of his right knee. he was not able to bear any weight on his right leg and was experiencing pain in the medial aspect of his right knee. his past medical and surgical histories were unremarkable and he was otherwise in good health. physical examination revealed no ecchymosis or effusion. he had moderate ...

the climatic, geographic and topographic characteristics, ecological conditions, forest and pastures, strong water resources, high vegetation, wild life and various hunting areas of kurdistan province are strong tourist centers. in this research using gis potential of suitable zones for claiming, rocking, ranging, visiting the nature, thermal spring, ski and winter sport, water sports and fishi...